Degradation of trinitrotoluene by transgenic nitroreductase in Arabidopsis plants

Abstract

Sang H.H., Jiao X.Y., Wang S.F., Guo W.H., Salahou M.K., Liu K.H. (2018): Effects of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer level on tillering, nitrogen uptake and utilization of early rice. Plant Soil Environ., 64: 297-302.In order to clarify the response characteristics of tillering and nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization under micronano bubble aeration irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer level, the nitrogen uptake and utilization characteristics, tillering and yield of early rice under different irrigation methods and nitrogen levels were investigated. The results showed that micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer have substantial influence on tillering of early rice, and the effect of N fertilizer was greater than the effect of oxygen. Nitrogen accumulation increased by 6.75-10.79% in micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation treatment compared with the conventional irrigation. The application of N in treatment of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and 160 kg N/ha fertilizer used (W 1 N 1 ) was 90% of the treatment of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and 180 kg N/ha fertilizer used (W 1 N 2 ), while the yield decreased by only 0.31%. The study indicated that the adoption of an appropriate deficit N rate combine with micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation can be an effective means to reduce non-beneficial N consumption, achieve higher crop yield and N utilization efficiency.Keywords: rice yield; tillering stage; N application; spikelets per panicle; yield component 297 Plant Soil Environ. Vol. 64, 2018, No. 7: 297-302 Feng et al. 2009) and so on. Currently, the study of oxygen micro-nano bubble enhancement in water purification and medical care is more (Yoshida et al. 2008, Zheng et al. 2016. However, there are few studies on micro-nano bubble aeration in agricultural irrigation, especially in rice irrigation. Therefore, the objective of this study were: (1) investigate the effects of variable irrigation methods and N application ratios on the tillering, yield and N utilization of early rice; (2) provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for increasing the N utilization efficiency and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. MATERIAL AND METHODSExperimental areas. The experiment was conducted at Jiangxi Irrigation Experimental Station in Nanchang (28°26'N, 116°00'E), Jiangxi province, China from 2013 to 2014. The soil texture was alluvial and a silt loam with a pH CaCl 2 of 5.87, organic carbon of 13.5 g/kg, total N of 1.42 g/kg, total P of 1.42 g/kg, alkali hydrolysable N of 100.98 mg/kg, available P of 6.18 mg/kg, available K of 78.92 mg/kg. The early rice cultivar was Luliang-you 996. The generator used in this study was new screw micro-nano bubble pump, which can produce bubbles with diameters from 700 nm to 12 μm and 82-90% gas content.Experimental design. The seeds were planted on March 25, 2013 and March 25, 2014, and the uniform seedlings were transplanted on April 22, 2013 and on April 22, 2014, 3 seedlings per point and plant...

Evolutionary aspects of the Viridiplantae nitroreductases

“…Most probably, plant nitroreductases are participating in the oxidative stress, pollutant, and herbicide responses [7,65]. Also, some connections to circadian rhythms or the efficiency of the photosynthetic machine are possible.…”

“…Similarly, bacterial nitroreductases, transformed into plants, have higher activity in case of chloroplast and mitochondrial localization [ 65 ]. Most probably such localization is connected to the role in oxidative stress response and regulation of antioxidant enzymes as it was shown in yeast [ 3 , 16 ] and detoxification of the photosynthesis by-products [ 7 ]. Predicted localization of the defined plant nitroreductases corresponds with this assumption, and majority of proteins were predicted to have chloroplast and/or mitochondrial localization (Supplementary Table 1 ).…”

“…Based on obtained results, some research directions for future investigation could be suggested: (1) proper classification of the Viridiplantae nitroreductase proteins based on their biochemical features (type I or II); (2) functional characterization of the newly defined proteins; 3) how localization of the nitroreductases (chloroplast, mitochondrial, or other) is related to the recognized substrates. Current attempts to create transgenic plants suitable for phytoremediation are based on the application of bacterial nitroreductases [ 7 , 63 , 65 ], although plant nitroreductases could provide better results. In addition to the application in the phytoremediation, transgenic plants, overexpressing nitroreductases could provide significant improvement during stress adaptation and disease resistance.…”

Exploring Multifaceted Roles of Nitroreductases in Bacterial, Animal and Plant Biosystems and their Detection using Fluorescent Probes

“…[66] These explosives are extremely noxious pollutants that are persistent in the environment and are hazardous to human health and other microorganisms. [67] TNT is widely used for civil and military purposes and for that reason, ways to dispose off this pollutant from the environment are being searched by a number of environmental protection agencies. [66] TNT is reported to be reduced to hydroxylaminodinitrotoluene (HADNT), which is further reduced to aminodinitrotoluene (ADNT) derivatives afterwards by the enzyme Nitroreductase by using NAD(P)H as an electron donor.…”

Degradation of High Energy Materials Using Biological Reduction: A Rational Way to Reach Bioremediation

“…Research on TNT and RDX detoxification is still going on, and various phytoremediation-based approaches look encouraging. Recently, green grass was created to degrade TNT efficiently [7,8], and a field-applicable grass species capable of both RDX degradation and TNT detoxification has also been engineered [9]. Phytoremediation of TNT is very well studied, and the results look promising.…”