“…The injection of solid particles in the subsurface, however, is much more challenging than initially expected, due to (1) aggregation of especially nano-sized ZVI particles (nZVI) resulting in filtration of the particles in the porous medium making them less mobile and less reactive (Kanel et al, 2007;Phenrat et al, 2009;Saleh et al, 2007;Schrick et al, 2004) and (2) sedimentation of mainly microscale zerovalent iron (mZVI) particles in the slurry reservoir, tubing and injection wells prior to and during injection caused by the high density and size of particles (Elimelech et al, 1995;Vecchia et al, 2009). Numerous research groups have carried out investigations on stability and dispersion of nanoparticles (Comba and Sethi, 2009;He et al, 2009;Tosco et al, 2012;Vecchia et al, 2009;Wang and Zhou, 2010). They mainly involve laboratory scale tests, although in recent years the number of field applications has increased (Klaine et al, 2008;Varadhi et al, 2005;Zhang, 2003).…”