Degradation of Transmission Range in VANETs caused by Interference

Schmidt, Robert; Köllmer, Thomas Dipl.-Inf.; Leinmüller, Tim; Böddeker, Bert; Schäfer, Günter

doi:10.1515/piko.2009.0043

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Message dissemination and routing are based on geocast principles. Beaconing takes place on a single communication channel (commonly referred to as the control channel) that is shared by all nodes.However, it has also been shown in [1] that the limited bandwidth of the wireless channel has a severe impact on the efficiency of the communication. This means that if the beacon rate is fixed, channel load may increase too much in scenarios with high vehicle density.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exploration of adaptive beaconing for efficient intervehicle safety communication

Schmidt

Leinmüller

Schoch³

et al. 2010

IEEE Network

176

104

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ne of the major goals of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is to support traffic safety. Cooperative awareness applications require frequent and low-delay information exchange among vehicles, including data such as current position, movement, and acceleration. This is realized by broadcasting socalled (single-hop) beacon messages. As a result, every vehicle is aware of other vehicles within a certain range. Beaconing is also the basic supporting process that enables geographic routing and message dissemination. However, this also requires a significant amount of bandwidth. The higher the frequency and thus the accuracy, the higher the bandwidth consumption.The first phase of research on VANETs has set the boundary conditions in terms of basic communication protocols and routing paradigms. Communication in VANETs will be based on IEEE 802.11p. Message dissemination and routing are based on geocast principles. Beaconing takes place on a single communication channel (commonly referred to as the control channel) that is shared by all nodes.However, it has also been shown in [1] that the limited bandwidth of the wireless channel has a severe impact on the efficiency of the communication. This means that if the beacon rate is fixed, channel load may increase too much in scenarios with high vehicle density. High channel utilization increases the information loss as packets are received erroneously, which is especially observed at large distances between sender and receiver.Simply reducing the beacon rate is not a suitable solution because it reduces the information quality at the same time. The error between the real position of a vehicle and the last known position retrieved from a beacon increases as the beacon rate is reduced. This results in position inaccuracies, which may disturb correct operation of active safety applications, which rely on accurate and up-to-date information.Currently, there is no final recommendation for a particular static beacon rate. No upper boundary in terms of maximum channel load has been specified. Furthermore, no requirements from the different applications have yet been clearly defined. As a consequence, even minimum and maximum beacon rate are hard to derive as these two boundaries have to satisfy all imaginable road traffic situations.In this article we pave the way for further enhancements of beaconing algorithms for the second phase of research on VANETs. After a short assessment of the current state of the art, we present a detailed analysis of the problem space and how different beacon rates influence 1) the offered load to the channel and 2) the resulting average and maximum accuracy of information Based on this problem evaluation, we motivate a flexible approach to control both appropriately. For this purpose, we propose a situation adaptive beaconing process that adapts the beacon rate continuously. The design space and different candidates for such an algorithm are introduced in this article. AbstractIn the future intervehicle communication will make driving safer, easier...

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confidence: 99%

“…However, it has also been shown in [1] that the limited bandwidth of the wireless channel has a severe impact on the efficiency of the communication. This means that if the beacon rate is fixed, channel load may increase too much in scenarios with high vehicle density.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of adaptive beaconing for efficient intervehicle safety communication

Schmidt

Leinmüller

Schoch³

et al. 2010

IEEE Network

176

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…He calculated the average packet delay and the packet loss probability for evaluation purposes. The packet reception probability was analyzed in [14]. In doing so, the authors concentrated on the distance based interference effect, if an emergency vehicle approaches a traffic jam.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of CAM based safety applications using ITS-G5A MAC in high dense scenarios

Kloiber

Strang

Röckl

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)

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Abstract-ETSI ITS-G5 is the current vehicle-to-vehicle communication technology in Europe, which will be standardized by ETSI TC ITS 1 . It is based on IEEE 802.11p and therefore uses a CSMA/CA scheme for Media Access Control (MAC). In this paper we analyze the performance of Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) based safety applications using the ETSI ITS-G5 MAC technology in a challenging scenario with respect to MAC issues: A suitable freeway segment with 6 lanes in each direction. The freeway scenario is thoroughly modeled and implemented in the well known ns-3 simulation environment. Based on this model, the paper shows the performance of CAM based safety applications under MAC challenging conditions. We provide a set of simulation results resting upon a particular performance metric which incorporates the key requirements of safety applications. Finally we analyze two concrete example scenarios to determine how reliable CAM based safety applications are in high dense traffic scenarios with respect to MAC issues.

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“…As the awareness is basically created using a static beacon rate, an analysis of different beacon rates is necessary, extending the analysis in [3]. As loss of information in VANET communication is known to occur under high channel load/interference, we employ the metric Success Rate to evaluate the efficiency of the channel usage also when forwarding of beacons is applied.…”

Section: B Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially the case in traffic scenarios of high density, where the channel can be overloaded. In [3], we identified that the overload of the channel causes packet loss occurring at larger distances between sender and receiver. At shorter distances, we observed a certain area of very low packet loss, nearly independent of the channel load, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach for selective beacon forwarding to improve cooperative awareness

Schmidt

Lasowski²,

Leinmiiller

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference

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Abstract-Cooperative awareness is established by vehicles exchanging their status frequently. In situations where a high number of vehicles access the communication channel with high frequency, communication and cooperative awareness suffer from increased packet loss.So far, forwarding of beacons focuses on extending the range of V2V communication which is not necessarily needed in most scenarios. In this paper, we motivate selective beacon forwarding to improve the reliability of cooperative awareness in high load situations. We define a metric to measure the quality of cooperative awareness and compare different static beacon rates by a simulation study. Especially in high load situations, we evaluate selective forwarding of beacons to overcome the awareness degradation due to interference, leading to packet loss even at short distances. We show that our approach causes only slight overhead in terms of additional messages and that the age of forwarded information is less than half the beacon interval.

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Degradation of Transmission Range in VANETs caused by Interference

Cited by 41 publications

References 8 publications

Exploration of adaptive beaconing for efficient intervehicle safety communication

Exploration of adaptive beaconing for efficient intervehicle safety communication

Performance of CAM based safety applications using ITS-G5A MAC in high dense scenarios

An approach for selective beacon forwarding to improve cooperative awareness

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