Degradation of poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) on exposure to chlorinated water

Recycling of carbon fibers from carbon fiber reinforced polymer using electrochemical method

“…We would like to mention here that the amino groups were used in the hardener to link and solidify the epoxy resin. Furthermore, according to the available literature [21], the singlet molecular oxygen does not play a significant role, at least in the early stages of the degradation. Now, let us explain the mechanism (the reaction with epoxy) at different current levels.…”

“…Four oxidizing species, which are pH-dependent (Fig. 7), were reported in the solution: Cl 2 , HClO, ClO À , and singlet molecular oxygen O 2 (a 1 D g ) [21]. Cl 2 was the principal reactive specie that initiated the degradation of polymers and the most possible bond that was broken in the cured epoxy was CAN bond.…”

“…The illustration of pH-dependent concentration profiles of the four oxidizing species in chloride water[21].…”

Critical considerations for the accelerated ageing of high-density polyethylene potable water materials

“…Background was determined using 100 scans from 4000 to 600 cm À1 , and 25 scans were conducted for each sample also over this range. Select bond indices were calculated based on IR data [36,83] Optical microscopy images were obtained using a HIROX (River Edge, NJ) KH-7700 3D digital video microscope.…”

“…Drinking water pH values from 5 to 10 can occur but are not as common. Maximum rates of polymer degradation are reported to occur at pH values less than 7.5 [34,36,39,40] which indicated that the HOCl species would dominate in the drinking water pH between 6.5 and 7.5.…”