Degradation of paracetamol by pure bacterial cultures and their microbial consortium

Abstract

Three bacterial strains utilizing paracetamol as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source were isolated from a paracetamol-degrading aerobic aggregate, and assigned to species of the genera Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas. The Stenotrophomonas species have not included any known paracetamol degraders until now. In batch cultures, the organisms f1, f2, and fg-2 could perform complete degradation of paracetamol at concentrations of 400, 2,500, and 2,000 mg/L or below, respectively. A combination of three microbial strains resulted in significantly improved degradation and mineralization of paracetamol. The co-culture was able to use paracetamol up to concentrations of 4,000 mg/L, and mineralized 87.1 % of the added paracetamol at the initial of 2,000 mg/L. Two key metabolites of the biodegradation pathway of paracetamol, 4-aminophenol, and hydroquinone were detected. Paracetamol was degraded predominantly via 4-aminophenol to hydroquinone with subsequent ring fission, suggesting new pathways for paracetamol-degrading bacteria. The degradation of paracetamol could thus be performed by the single isolates, but is stimulated by a synergistic interaction of the three-member consortium, suggesting a possible complementary interaction among the various isolates. The exact roles of each of the strains in the consortium need to be further elucidated.

Variable Effects of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on Selected Biochemical Processes Mediated by Soil Microorganisms

“…Many authors have reported the ability of microorganisms to degrade NSAIDs. A degradative potential has been confirmed for bacterial strains from the genera Bacillus (Marchlewicz et al, 2016), Delftia (De Gusseme et al, 2011), Nocardia (Chen and Rosazza, 1994), Patulibacter (Almeida et al, 2013), Planococcus (Domaradzka et al, 2015), Pseudomonas (Ahmed et al, 2001; De Gusseme et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2013), Rhodococcus (Ivshina et al, 2006), Sphingomonas (Murdoch and Hay, 2015), Stenotrophomonas (Zhang et al, 2013; Wojcieszyńska et al, 2014), Variovorax (Murdoch and Hay, 2015) and fungal strains from the genera Bjerkandera (Rodarte-Morales et al, 2012), Cunninghamella (Zhong et al, 2003), Ganoderma, Irpex (Marco-Urrea et al, 2010c), Phanerochaete (Hata et al, 2010; Rodarte-Morales et al, 2012), and Trametes versicolor (Marco-Urrea et al, 2010a,b,c; Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al, 2010). …”

Red Sea Microbial Diversity for Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents

“…Recently, Zhang et al have characterized a number of marine natural products by using modern chromatography techniques, namely; GC-MS, LC-MS, and IC [113]. Most of microbial metabolites were characterized or identified based on mass charge ratio (m/z), and retention time of ion spectra of GC-MS, and further accurately matched with standard data of library NIST.…”

“…Most of microbial metabolites were characterized or identified based on mass charge ratio (m/z), and retention time of ion spectra of GC-MS, and further accurately matched with standard data of library NIST. In addition, HPLC-MS was also used to identify the biodegradation products from metabolites [113,114]. Ion chromatography (IC) was used to determine nitrite, nitrate, formic acid and succinic acid availability in a mixture.…”

Drug metabolism and hypersensitivity reactions to drugs

“…Besides presystemic metabolism, that may take place before (gut microbiota or intestinal enzymes) or after absorption (first-pass liver metabolism), drug metabolism may actually occur rapidly, and often within 1 h after administration several drug metabolites can be detected in blood or urine. The potential of the 'pharmaco-metabonomic approach' in adverse drug reactions was raised 9 years ago and, since then, the potential for this approach in hypersensitivity and other adverse drug reactions has been explored [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”