Degradation of Organochlorine Pesticides, Particularly Endosulfan, by Trichoderma Harzianum

Abstract

A fungus, Trichoderma harzianum, was found to degrade DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan, pentachloronitrobenzene, and pentachlorophenol but not hexachlorocyclohexane. The fungus degraded endosulfan under various nutritional conditions throughout its growth stages. Endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan diol were detected as the major fungal metabolites of endosulfan. Piperonyl butoxide, when added to the growth medium, completely inhibited the endosulfan degradation. Din-propyl malaoxon also inhibited the overall endosulfan degradation, but under such an inhibitory condition the formation of endosulfan sulfate was still observed. Using a cell-free preparation from Trichoderma harzianum, we could demonstrate that endosulfan metabolism in vitro was stimulated by exogenously added NADPH. Together with the evidence that the initial metabolic product of endosulfan was endosulfan sulfate, we concluded that the major enzyme system responsible in Trichoderma harzianum responsible for degradation of endosulfan is an oxidative system.

Carot-4-en-9,10-Diol, a Conidiation-Inducing Sesquiterpene Diol Produced by Trichoderma virens PS1-7 upon Exposure to Chemical Stress from Highly Active Iron Chelators

“…Decomposition of xenobiotics by the genus Trichoderma was first reported in Trichoderma viride by Baarschers et al in 1986 (31). A large portion of toxic xenobiotics, such as endosulfan (32), cyanide pollutants (33), dichlorvos (34), and even heavy metals (35), are removed from polluted environments by the genus Trichoderma. The potent capacity of the genus to degrade various xenobiotics is due to both extracellular and intracellular metabolic pathways catalyzed by both specific and nonspecific enzymatic systems.…”

Microbial degradation of pesticide: A review

“…Among these, basidiomycetes show more resistance toward these compounds (Gomes Machado et al, 2005;Rigas et al, 2005). Recently it is reported that a strain of Trichoderma harzianum has capability to degrade organochlorines through an oxidative system (Katayama and Matsumura, 2009).…”

“…They produces intracellular or extra cellular enzymes such as hydrolytic enzymes, oxygenases, peroxidases (Van Eerd et al, 2003).The basidiomycetes are more resistant to these compounds (Gomes Machado et al, 2005;Rigas et al, 2005). Recently a strain of Trichoderma harzianum is reported to degrade organochlorines through an oxidative system (Katayama and Matsumura, 2009).…”

Pesticides in the Environment: Impacts and its Biodegradation as a Strategy for Residues Treatment

“…Among these, basidiomycetes seem to be more resistant to these compounds (Gomes Machado et al, 2005;Rigas et al, 2005). Recently a strain of Trichoderma harzianum has also been shown to degrade organochlorines through an oxidative system (Katayama & Matsumura, 2009). …”