“…Specifically, heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) consisting of solid catalysts and chemical oxidants ( i.e. hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and persulfates) exhibit promising advantages. , By combining AOPs with rapid adsorption, a synergistic effect is usually uncovered and the overall performance will be significantly improved, especially when the oxidation occurred on the surface of the adsorbents/catalysts. − Consequently, the catalytic behavior of biochar in AOPs was tentatively explored in recent studies. − For example, persulfates, including peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PS), can be decomposed to radicals (SO 4 ·– , O 2 ·– ) and nonradical ( 1 O 2 ) reactive oxidative species (ROS) with the assistance of biochars derived from rice straw, , alga (Enteromorpha), wetland plant (reed), and pine needle . Despite numerous attempts, the inherent roles of adsorption between the contaminant, oxidant, and catalyst in heterogeneous AOPs remain ambiguous.…”