J-aggregates of the dye THIATS (triethylammonium salt of 3,3‘-bis-[3-sulfopropyl]-5,5‘-dichloro-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine) with a two-component Davydov splitting of the exciton band were investigated in the temperature
range from 5 to 130 K and at room temperature. A wide set of excitonic and optical characteristics (absorption
line broadening, fluorescence line broadening, Stokes shift, coherence length, exciton migration rate, and
wavelength dependence of the fluorescence decay time) of the same J-aggregates is presented. The exciton
migration rate was found to be the most temperature sensitive property. The temperature dependence of a
whole set of exciton properties reveals two critical temperatures: 30 and 70 K. The observed phenomena are
described qualitatively as an interplay of static and dynamic disorder effects. At low temperature (T < 20 K)
static disorder is the main factor which limits the coherence length and exciton−exciton annihilation rate and
determines the absorption width. An intraband, subnanosecond exciton relaxation toward the lower energy
states is observed. Below 20 K only a limited number of exciton states of the molecular ensemble are reached
by the exciton during downhill relaxation. While the temperature increases from 30 to 70 K, a wider set of
states becomes accessible for the exciton during its relaxation. The “internal” structure of the exciton band
becomes blurred by homogeneous broadening and the coherence length decreases. Very fast exciton wave
packet motion occurs over 106−107 molecules. At temperatures higher than 80 K, we suggest dynamical
processes to play the most important role. The Stokes shift becomes temperature independent. Exciton migration
starts to be strongly blocked by scattering on optical phonons. The effective, long distance exciton migration
in THIATS J-aggregates as well as peculiarities of the Stokes shift and line broadening temperature dependence
allow us to conclude that no exciton self-trapping process occurs at temperatures higher than 20 K.