Degradation of imidazolium-based ionic liquids in aqueous solution using plasma electrolysis

Dielectric barrier discharge plasma used as a means for the remediation of soils contaminated by non-aqueous phase liquids

“…Non-thermal plasmas have been used for the treatment of wastewater [15,17,[19][20][21][22][23] and polluted gas [24][25][26][27], whereas during the last few years they have started to be examined as eco-innovative methods of soil remediation. In these few studies, emphasis was placed on the removal of solid pollutants from soils by corona [28][29][30][31] or dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) [32,33], while only a little attention has been paid on the NAPL removal [34,35].…”

Removal of several pesticides in a falling water film DBD reactor with activated carbon textile: Energy efficiency

“…This is explained with scavenging of ozone by NO 2 ions, which are introduced into the solution during direct plasma contact in the plasma chamber. 1.06 × 10 -2 6.91 × 10 -1 7.14 × 10 -5 5.10 × 10 -7 1.22 × 10 -7 k O3 (M -1 s -1 ) 3.40 16.5 141 k OH (M -1 s -1 ) 5 × 10 9 7.10 × 10 9 5.70 × 10 9 Solubility (mg/L) 1 [3] air coaxial whirlpool DBD reactor HF ±pulsed methyl orange 10-100 [4] spray DBD single-pass DBD coaxial spray + falling water film +pulsed rhodamine B 2.6-22 [5] bubble DBD air DBD bubble discharge reactor + plasma gas bubbling AC crystal violet 50-100 [6] methylene blue 50-100 [7] phenol 50-100 [8] methyl orange 50-100 [9] endosulfan 5-15 [10] gas corona multi-needle over streaming water +pulsed methyl orange 40-80 [11] corona wetted wall reactor with inner rod pulsed sulfadiazine 10-80 [12] spray corona single-pass corona multi-wire-to-plate spray + falling film reactor +pulsed salicylic acid 50-100 [13] lignin 80-600 single-pass air corona electrospray reactor +pulsed phenol 1-20 [14] corona spray in multi-wire-to-plate with TiO 2 +pulsed cycloferon 100-300 [15] glow glow discharge above water bulk with mixing +DC acid blue 25 5-50 [16, 17] contact glow discharge electrolysis +DC brilliant red B 8-20 [18] acid flavine G 6-20 gliding arc non-thermal gliding arc over water bulk unknown paraquat 5-45 [19] plasma gas bubbling plasma gas bubbling reactors with UV irradiation through quartz barrier AC phenol 60-200 [20] coking waste 17-680 [21] Orange II 10-100 [22] 100% relative humidity air DBD plasma gas bubbling AC acid red 88 10-50 [23] Other observed influence of decreasing C 0 gas DBD DBD over water bulk with radial flow AC nitenpyram 50-200 [24] spray DBD single-pass DBD coaxial spray + falling water film +pulsed rhodamine B 1.9-3.3 [5] electrohydraulic plasma electrolysis DC ionic liquids 1-4 × 10 4 [25] Table B.1. Welch's t-test with corresponding degrees of freedom ν and p-value for each couple of experiments of section 3.2, based on the reaction rate constants, their standard errors and their degrees of freedom.…”

AuPd/Fe3O4-based three-dimensional electrochemical system for efficiently catalytic degradation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

“…The analyses were performed with an injection of 5 mL, a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, a column temperature at 30 C, and a detection wavelength of 212 nm. The intermediates were analyzed by GC-MS (Agilent, USA) [13]. The samples were extracted with dichloromethane, and then analyzed with the following conditions: Agilent capillary column: DB-17MS fused silica capillary column (30 m  0.25 mm  0.25 mm); carrier gas: He (1.0 mL/min); temperature program: column oven temperature: 40 C (2 min isotherm), heating rate: 10 C/min, final temperature: 250 C (5 min isotherm), injection temperature: 250 C; injection mode: splitless; MS detector: ionization mode: EI (70 eV); scan mode: full scan (10 m/z-350 m/z); interface temperature: 270 C, ion source temperature: 230 C; injected sample volume: 2 mL.…”

“…The electrocatalytic oxidation was first introduced by Stolte et al to the oxidative degradation of BMIM based ILs [11]. Subsequently, two-dimensional electrocatalytic systems including boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode oxidation, zero-valence iron activated carbon micro-electrolysis and plasma electrolysis [12][13][14][15] were systemically investigated for the treatment of BMIM. Although these works almost achieved complete removal of these constituents, the requirement of long reaction time and large reagent usage could not be neglected.…”