“…As a result, there has been a surge in research focused on effective methods for removing organic pollutants from water [ 5 , 6 ]. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are increasingly acknowledged as viable approaches for decomposing contaminants, especially within industries such as pesticide manufacturing, paper production, and textile dyeing [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ]. Among AOPs, the Fenton reaction stands out for its simplicity and efficacy [ 11 , 12 ].…”