Degradation of excavated polyethylene and polypropylene waste from landfill

Canopoli, Luisa; Coulon, Frédéric; Wagland, Stuart T.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134125

Cited by 159 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Instead, "ex situ landfill mining" takes place when the (even partial) excavation and the extraction of waste leads to the recovery of materials and resources. The importance of these approaches is linked to intrinsic factors, such as the size, age, and type of landfill, the waste composition, and extrinsic factors, such as the availability of treatment technologies [18][19][20]. For example, industrial landfills, when rich in metals, may be more interesting for ex situ techniques, while municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills could be adapted to suit the bioreactor model with an in situ approach.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Excavated Waste of Different Ages in View of Multiple Resource Recovery in Landfill Mining

Pecorini¹,

Iannelli²

2020

Sustainability

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With the aim of examining the forcing factors in postmanagement landfills, in this study, excavation waste from nonhazardous municipal waste landfill in Tuscany was characterized for the first time. The specific objective was to estimate the feasibility of sampling and analyzing the excavated waste in order to define its properties and provide information about possible landfill mining projects. Based on the biochemical methane potential assays, it was shown that the excavated waste had not yet been stabilized (i.e., with a production of 52.2 ± 28.7 NlCH 4 /kgTS) in the landfill, probably due to the low excavated waste moisture content (36% ± 6% w/w). Furthermore, excavated waste has a high calorific value, i.e., 15.2 ± 4.1 MJ/kg; the quantity of combustibles in the industrial shredder waste (16 MJ/kg) was rather modest compared to that of municipal solid waste (20.8 MJ/Kg).In conclusion, during large scale excavation of the landfill, it was possible to evaluate how a dedicated treatment plant could be designed to treat and select waste which might appear in a different category. For excavated industrial waste, detailed mechanical sorting may be convenient for end-of-waste recovery to improve calorific value.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1780 2 of 20 definitive solution, with the idea that the waste contained within it will, in the future, gain a new value through recycling and thermovalorization. This will lead to advanced recycling, higher re-use rates and maximized energy utilization [2,4,5].Basically, ELFM foresees the combined and integrated use of waste streams both as an energy source ("Waste-to-Energy", WtE) and as a source of materials ("Waste-to-Material", WtM), with respect to the environment and public safety [4,6]. Interest in ELFM could be fostered if excavated waste could be valorized. With the aim of favoring the recovery and valorization, the selection and treatment of diverse waste streams are necessary to facilitate the production of valuable recycled materials from heterogeneous waste. Particular schemes and separation treatments could be studied for the sorting of mixed waste streams including shredder residue and polluted soil [3]. In general, these schemes consist of a combination of mechanical treatments and separation techniques such as crushing, milling, sieving, magnetic and eddy current separation, density separation based on air flow, water-based density, and optical separation techniques. Since excavated waste can be affected by the age of the waste and the deterioration processes which have occurred over time, in the case of ELFM, a high level of performance of treatment plants is required if fuels and high-quality waste materials are to be recovered. In some cases, the excavated waste consists of residual waste mixtures coming from treatment schemes engineered in the past to recover specific flows, such as the treatment of the organic fraction stabilized by unsorted waste. At present, the evolution of a separation plant that can optimally recover resources is a scientific and technical ...

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Excavated Waste of Different Ages in View of Multiple Resource Recovery in Landfill Mining

Pecorini¹,

Iannelli²

2020

Sustainability

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“…However, only a few postconsumer waste plastics were recycled [2]. Consequently, a large amount of plastic waste accumulates in the environment every year [3]. Polyethylene (PE) is the most consumed plastic and the most common type in waste plastics [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a large amount of plastic waste accumulates in the environment every year [3]. Polyethylene (PE) is the most consumed plastic and the most common type in waste plastics [3]. Waste plastics from municipal solid waste account for around 33 million tons [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PE accounted for 29.8 % (12.3 % for high-density PE and 17.5 % for low-density PE) of European plastic converter demand in 2016 [5]. The recycling of waste plastics has become an urgent issue since the discarded plastics have caused hazards to both living creatures and environments [3]. Therefore, it is critical to developing new methods to improve waste PE operation recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a neural fuzzy model combined with simulated annealing algorithm to predict optimal conditions for polyethylene waste non-isothermal pyrolysis

Pan

Duque

Martins

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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In the present study, the waste polyethylene (PE) pyrolysis under different non-isothermal conditions was investigated to estimate the optimal conversions and pyrolysis rates. The pyrolysis study was carried out using Thermogravimetry (TG) of the virgin and the waste PE under different heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 C/min. The TG experiments indicated that the virgin and the waste PE pyrolysis processes mainly underwent in the temperature range of 390-510 C. Subsequently, the adaptive neural fuzzy model was adopted to predict the conversions and the pyrolysis rates of the virgin and the waste PE. The optimal operating conditions in different temperature ranges were optimized by the simulated annealing algorithm (SA). Moreover, the R-squared values of the virgin PE conversions (~1) and pyrolysis rates (> 0.999), and the waste PE conversions (~1) and pyrolysis rates (> 0.999) revealed the high accuracy of the adaptive neural fuzzy model predicted results.

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“…This practice is also associated with various adverse environmental effects such as leachate infiltration to groundwater [4]- [5] and landfill occupation beyond operational lifespan [6]. Landfilling plastic solid waste (PSW) is also considered to be one of the main environmental threats that could compromises a site for future rehabilitation and causes various economical loss due to lack of proper management [7]- [11]. The majority of these plastics are thermoplastic in type and could be valorised in thermo-chemical treatment (TCT) units to produce various types of fuels and energy [12]- [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Analytical Reaction Kinetics Mathematical Model Based on Thermogravimetric Data for Reclaimed Plastic Waste From Active Landfills

Al–Salem

Karam

Al-Wadi

et al. 2020

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Landfill mining (i.e. waste reclamation) has been receiving renewed attention in research circles. This strategy provides a solution to the overgrowing problem of land use for the classical solution of landfilling. In addition, it provides added value for the materials recovered with a potential of boosting local economies, especially considering circular economy market development. In this work, the degradation kinetics were investigated for solid waste retrieved from three active landfill sites. The landfill sites operate unsanitary processing schemes for the management of the municipal solid waste they receive. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the micro-kinetics using standardized ICTAC methods, which yielded an apparent activation energy (Ea) for one of the sites in the range of 100 to 121 kJ mol-1 using the Criado method. Another site showed a range between 87 to 107 kJ mol-1 using the same method. The Avrami-Erofeev expression for degradation mechanism was identified as the prevailing one based on the analysis conducted. Furthermore, an analytical solution model based on reaction order and degradation curves' initial and final set-points was developed to yield the desired parameters in a more realistic manner. We conclude that the type of waste, period of burial and sensitivity of kinetic models used are the most prevailing parameters in determining reaction mechanisms and kinetics expressions, which effect the development of industrial units that use thermal kinetics data for their design of treating various waste components.

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Degradation of excavated polyethylene and polypropylene waste from landfill

Cited by 159 publications

References 39 publications

Characterization of Excavated Waste of Different Ages in View of Multiple Resource Recovery in Landfill Mining

Characterization of Excavated Waste of Different Ages in View of Multiple Resource Recovery in Landfill Mining

Application of a neural fuzzy model combined with simulated annealing algorithm to predict optimal conditions for polyethylene waste non-isothermal pyrolysis

Development of an Analytical Reaction Kinetics Mathematical Model Based on Thermogravimetric Data for Reclaimed Plastic Waste From Active Landfills

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