Degradation of cholesterol by Bacillus subtilis SFF34 isolated from Korean traditional fermented flatfish

Abstract

Aims: To examine cholesterol degradation by Bacillus subtilis SFF34. Methods and Results: Cholesterol degradation and cholesterol oxidase production by B. subtilis SFF34 were investigated in a medium containing 0AE2% cholesterol. In addition, the oxidized product of cholesterol by the purified cholesterol oxidase was detected using a gas chromatograph. Cholesterol oxidase production reached its maximal level (3AE14 U ml )1 ) after 24 h of incubation in the cholesterol medium. The residual cholesterol content reduced to 0AE98 mg g )1 after 60 h of cultivation in the cholesterol medium. Two cholesterol oxidases were purified from the culture supernatant fluid and their reaction product against cholesterol was identified as 4-cholesten-3-one. Conclusions: B. subtilis SFF34 degraded cholesterol and produced a high level of extracellular cholesterol oxidase. Significance and Impact of the Study: Bacillus subtilis will be very useful for the reduction of cholesterol in many fermented foods and as a source of cholesterol oxidase.

Sustainability of Fermented Fish Products

“…Oxidized fish oils have a characteristic taste and paint-like smell, and acceptability of products depends on local preferences. Kim et al (2002) investigate the degradation of cholesterol by Bacillus subtilis SFF34 isolated from Korean traditional fermented flatfish. They observed that such bacteria degraded cholesterol and produced a high level of extracellular cholesterol oxidase.…”

Cholesterol oxidase ChoD is not a critical enzyme accounting for oxidation of sterols to 3-keto-4-ene steroids in fast-growing Mycobacterium sp. VKM Ac-1815D

“…ChO producing strains were found among representatives of Proteobacterium: Pseudomonas [4], Burkholderia [2], Bacillus [5], Schizophyllum [6]. The most effective strains were observed among gram-positive G + C-rich bacteria which form a class of Actinobacteria, e.g., Rhodococcus [7,8], Arthrobacter [9], Brevibacterium [10], Nocardia [1], Corynebacterium [11], Streptomyces [10,12], Mycobacterium [13][14][15].…”

Purification and characterization of extracellular cholesterol oxidase from Enterobacter sp.

“…During past three decades, cholesterol oxidases (COX) have been purified from several microorganisms, such as Brevibacterium (Gadda et al 1997), gamma-Proteobacterium (Isobe et al 2003), Nocardia (Richmond 1973), Pseudomonas (Doukyu and Aono 1998), Rhodococcus (Sojo et al 2002), Bacillus (Kim et al 2002), Schizophyllum and Streptomyces (Gadda et al 1997;Lolekha and Jantaveesirirat 1992). The cholesterol oxidases from different microorganism exhibit many distinct properties and not much is known about the properties in practical clinical use.…”