Degradation of chlorpyrifos alone and in combination with chlorothalonil and their effects on soil microbial populations

Soil bacterial and fungal community successions under the stress of chlorpyrifos application and molecular characterization of chlorpyrifos-degrading isolates using ERIC-PCR

“…DGGE fingerprinting and further PCA obtained in this study with soil DNA show shifts in the composition of dominant bacterial and fungal populations in different time after the application of chlorpyrifos to soil. The experimental results indicate that the Chu et al (2008), which reported that the populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were significantly reduced by 44.1%, 61.1%, and 72.8%, respectively, on the first Recovery of microbial quantity in soil only showed some microbes adapted to the existence of chlorpyrifos have been rapidly proliferated. Therefore, recovery in numbers of culturable microbes does not stand for the recovery in the community structure.…”

“…While sometimes the first-order kinetics is not satisfactory for the description of chlorpyrifos in soil, it can be better described by the biexponential model (Fang et al, 2006;Chu et al, 2008). This may be due to different soil environments and soil microorganisms.…”

Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos Tolerance and Degradation by Non-Toxigenic Aspergillus Section Flavi Strains Isolated from Agricultural Soils

“…Several studies inform about tolerance and degradation of chlopyrifos by different fungal species both on in vitro conditions and on soil, being this insecticide added as the carbon source in most of the works (Fang et al, 2008;Kulshrestha and Kumari 2011;Maya et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2012;Silambarasan and Abraham, 2013;Hindumathy and Gayathri, 2013;Yadav et al, 2015). However, there is little information about tolerance or degradation of this insecticide added as phosphorous or nitrogen source (Omar 1998).…”

“…However, there is little information about tolerance or degradation of this insecticide added as phosphorous or nitrogen source (Omar 1998). Fang et al(2008) observed that a Verticillium sp. strain was able to develop and increase their biomass with chlorpyrifos as the only carbon source (100 mg L -1 ) after five days of incubation.…”

“…Several microbial species capable to metabolize chlorpyrifos as sole source of carbon have been isolated from pesticide contaminated soils, sludge or waste water by enrichment culture techniques (Ghanem et al, 2007;Latifi et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012;Savitha and Raman, 2012). Most investigations have focused mainly in bacteria; few of them have demonstrated that chlorpyrifos could be degraded by fungi (Yu et al, 2006;Chu et al, 2008;Fang et al, 2008).Filamentous fungi are part of the soil microbiota and they have evolved for use more efficiently several solid substrates, growing on their surface and penetrating in their matrices. These microorganisms are capable to produce and secrete enzymes that turn complex macromolecules to simple compounds for their growth and metabolism (Rabinovich et al, 2004).…”