Degradation of Chitin and Chitosan by a Recombinant Chitinase Derived from a Virulent &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Aeromonas hydrophila&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Isolated from Diseased Channel Catfish

Zhang, Dunhua; Bland, John M.; Xu, De‐Hai; Chung, Siyin

doi:10.4236/aim.2015.59064

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The adaptations include alternative sigma factors, two-component regulatory systems, chaperones, DNA-damage repair pathways, acid resistance systems, and starvation and antibiotic response mechanisms [ 28 , 61 , 62 ]. A. hydrophila can also metabolize a wide variety of carbohydrates [ 63 ], specifically chitin, a major component in the aquatic ecosystem [ 64 , 65 , 66 ]. Through experimental trials, Zhang et al [ 66 ] reported that vAh isolate ML-10-51K could rapidly proliferate using colloidal chitin and chitin flakes as a sole carbon source at the same rate as if it were supplied glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of a Wild-Type Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila Isolate in Pond Sediments from Commercial Catfish Ponds: A Laboratory Study

Tuttle

Bruce

Abdelrahman

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila (vAh) is a major bacterial pathogen in the U.S. catfish industry and is responsible for large-scale losses within commercial ponds. Administering antibiotic feeds can effectively treat vAh infections, but it is imperative to discern new approaches and better understand the mechanics of infection for this bacterium. As such, the persistence of vAh in pond sediments was determined by conducting laboratory trials using sediment from four commercial catfish ponds. Twelve chambers contained sterilized sediment, vAh isolate ML-09-119, and 8 L of water maintained at 28 °C and were aerated daily. At 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, and every 7th day post-inoculation for 28 days, 1 g of sediment was removed, and vAh colony forming units (CFU) were enumerated on ampicillin dextrin agar. Viable vAh colonies were present in all sediments at all sampling periods. The vAh growth curve peaked (1.33 ± 0.26 × 109 CFU g−1) at 96 h post-inoculation. The population plateaued between days 14 and 28. No correlations were found between CFU g−1 and physiochemical sediment variables. This study validated the ability of vAh to persist within pond sediments in a laboratory setting. Further research on environmental factors influencing vAh survivability and population dynamics in ponds is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of a Wild-Type Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila Isolate in Pond Sediments from Commercial Catfish Ponds: A Laboratory Study

Tuttle

Bruce

Abdelrahman

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Physical processes include depolymerization with sonication [26], electromagnetic irradiation, gamma irradiation [60,61], microwave irradiation, or a thermal procedure [62]. Finally, enzymatic processes use specific enzymes like chitinase [63] and chitosanase [64], but also non-specific enzymes, such as pepsin [65], cellulase [66], lipase, pronase, protease [67], lysozyme, papaïn, glucanase, hemicellulase, or pectinase. However, the main issues of enzymatic depolymerization are probably the cost of making it redhibitory for bulk use in commercial applications and the relative slowness of reactions.…”

Section: Chitooligosaccharide (Cos) and Low Molecular Weight (Lmw) Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Chitosan for the Generation of Functional Derivatives

et al. 2019

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Today, chitosan (CS) is probably considered as a biofunctional polysaccharide with the most notable growth and potential for applications in various fields. The progress in chitin chemistry and the need to replace additives and non-natural polymers with functional natural-based polymers have opened many new opportunities for CS and its derivatives. Thanks to the specific reactive groups of CS and easy chemical modifications, a wide range of physico-chemical and biological properties can be obtained from this ubiquitous polysaccharide that is composed of β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose repeating units. This review is presented to share insights into multiple native/modified CSs and chitooligosaccharides (COS) associated with their functional properties. An overview will be given on bioadhesive applications, antimicrobial activities, adsorption, and chelation in the wine industry, as well as developments in medical fields or biodegradability.

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“…Plates were incubated at 28°C until halo zones (clearing of opaque medium) formed around the colonies. Aeromonas hydrophila, ML-10-51K, which is known for having chitinolytic activity, was used as a positive control (Zhang, Bland, Xu, & Chung, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Preliminary Chitinase Activity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the interplay between Streptococcus agalactiae, the biopolymer chitin and its derivative

2018

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Streptococcus agalactiae is a highly pathogenic bacterium of aquatic species and terrestrial animals worldwide, whereas chitin and its derivative chitosan are among the most abundant biopolymers found in nature, including the aquatic milieu. The present investigation focused on the capability of S. agalactiae to degrade and utilize these polymers. Growth of S. agalactiae in the presence of colloid chitin, chitosan, or N‐acetyl‐glucosamine (Glc NA c) was evaluated. Chitosanase production was measured daily over 7 days of growth period and degraded products were evaluated with thin later chorography. Chitin had no effect on the growth of S. agalactiae . Degraded chitin, however, stimulated the growth of S. agalactiae . S. agalactiae cells did not produce chitinase to degrade chitin; however, they readily utilize Glc NA c (product of degraded chitin) as sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth. Chitosan at high concentrations had antibacterial activities against S. agalactiae , while in the presence of lower than the inhibitory level of chitosan in the medium, S. agalactiae secrets chitosanase to degrade chitosan, and utilizes it to a limited extent to benefit growth. The interaction of S. agalactiae with chitin hydrolytes and chitosan could play a role in the diverse habitat distribution and pathogenicity of S. agalactiae worldwide.

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Degradation of Chitin and Chitosan by a Recombinant Chitinase Derived from a Virulent <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> Isolated from Diseased Channel Catfish

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Persistence of a Wild-Type Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila Isolate in Pond Sediments from Commercial Catfish Ponds: A Laboratory Study

Persistence of a Wild-Type Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila Isolate in Pond Sediments from Commercial Catfish Ponds: A Laboratory Study

Modification of Chitosan for the Generation of Functional Derivatives

Examining the interplay between Streptococcus agalactiae, the biopolymer chitin and its derivative

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