Degradation of carboxin and oxycarboxin by microorganisms

Balasubramanya, R. H.; Patil, R. B.

doi:10.1007/bf02211702

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The successive oxidation of the N-alkyl group ultimately produces the NH 2 derivative; the intermediate N-hydroxymethyl form has been identified for propoxur (100) in green alga (Metcalf 1976). Similar to what occurs with OP compounds, carboxin (94) and thiobencarb (109) underwent S-oxidation (Balasubramanya and Patil 1980;Chen et al 1982). Glutathione conjugation was observed in the metabolism of isoproturon (118), an aquatic macrophyte, whose metabolites were identified by LC-MS (Pietsch et al 2006).…”

Section: Other Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Other Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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“…The main product, which is the more photostable and less hydrolyzable, is sulfoxide 2 . It is noteworthy that carboxin is eventually oxidized to the sulfoxide 2 in soil or in various plant species and animals, too ( , ). The metabolite has non-fungitoxic activity and, as shown by our investigation, exhibits similar or even lower acute toxicity toward aquatic organisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phototransformation of Carboxin in Water. Toxicity of the Pesticide and Its Sulfoxide to Aquatic Organisms

DellaGreca

Iesce

Cermola

et al. 2004

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Sunlight exposure of aqueous suspensions of carboxin (1) causes its phototransformation to sulfoxide 2 and minor components. Similar effects are observed in the presence of humic acid or nitrate or at different pH values. Photoproducts 2-9 were isolated by chromatographic techniques and/or identified by spectroscopic means. Carboxin 1 and its main photoproduct sulfoxide 2 were tested to evaluate acute toxicity to primary consumers typical of the aquatic environment: the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and two crustaceans, Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. Chronic tests comprised a producer, the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and a consumer, the crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia.

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“…Habte and Alexander [ 166 ] reported the ability of APB to detoxify soil containing high amounts of hydrogen sulfide, by converting sulfide to sulfate via the sulfur cycle. Balasubramanya and Patil [ 167 ] reported the ability of Rhodospirillum sp. in the degradation of fungicides such as carboxin and oxycarboxin.…”

Section: Resource Recovery Applications Of Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and their applications in environmental biotechnology for sustainable Resource recovery

George

Vincent

Mackey

2020

Biotechnology Reports

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Highlights APB are phylogenetically and metabolically diverse, includes many extremophiles. Ability to harvest IR light and use of many inorganic electron donors useful. Electricity, polymers, fertilizers, feed, antioxidants and pigments recoverable. Purple non-sulfur bacteria well studied, have wide range of applications. Metabolic engineering key to improving productivity and metabolic traits.

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Degradation of carboxin and oxycarboxin by microorganisms

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Phototransformation of Carboxin in Water. Toxicity of the Pesticide and Its Sulfoxide to Aquatic Organisms

An overview of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and their applications in environmental biotechnology for sustainable Resource recovery

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