Degradation of bisphenol A by ozonation and determination of degradation intermediates by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Edible fungus degrade bisphenol A with no harmful effect on its fatty acid composition

“…More than one million tons of BPA are produced annually worldwide; in the United States and China alone, 7.6 Â 10 8 and 5.6 Â 10 7 kg of BPA are produced per year, respectively (Kusvuran and Yildirim, 2013). BPA can be released into the environment during its production, use and subsequent disposal.…”

Enhanced degradation of Bisphenol A from high saline polycarbonate plant wastewater using wet air oxidation

“…It is reported that BPA can induce adverse effects such as feminization phenomena in various organisms, prostate cancer, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, oxidative stress and estrogen-dependent cancers, etc. (Erjavec et al, 2013;Umar et al, 2013;Kusvuran and Yildirim, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Rutkowska et al, 2016).…”

“…BPA is generally applied by the manufacturers as an intermediate for the production of several kinds of polymeric materials such as polycarbonate products like baby bottles, epoxy resins, polyacrylates, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and flame retardants such as tetrabromobisphenol A, among others. (Umar et al, 2013;Kusvuran and Yildirim, 2013;Mena et al, 2017). It is estimated that the world rate of BPA production in 2015 was approximately 5.4 million tones (Mena et al, 2017).…”

“…Nevertheless, it was reported that the concentration of BPA is up to 17.2 mg/L in leachates at a hazardous waste landfill site in Japan, 12 g/L in wastewater effluent in the United States, and 0.07 to 1.68 g/L and 0.104 g/g to 0.312 g/g in influ-ent and sludge of WWTP from Quebec (Canada), respectively (Liu et al, 2011;Yamamoto et al, 2001;Kolpin et al, 2002;Mohapatra et al, 2011). Due to its high commercial usage and its ability to migrate from baby bottles, plastics and other products to water resources, BPA can exposure to human and exert its detrimental health effects such as carcinogenesis (Akbari et al, 2016;Erjavec et al, 2013;Kusvuran and Yildirim, 2013;Athalathil et al, 2015). Recently, new regulations have been introduced on the use of BPA in varnishes and coatings intended to come into contact with food and amending Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 as regards the use of that substance in plastic food contact materials (Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/213 of 12 February 2018) (EC, 2018).…”

Degradation of bisphenol A by the UV and UV/H2O2 processes: Evaluation of process variables through experimental design

“…According to Staples et al, BPA toxicity is expected to fall between low to moderate levels (algal EC 50 of 1 mg · L −1 ). Additionally, previous studies demonstrated that this pollutant could show estrogenic activity, even at low concentrations (mg · L −1 ) . However, in Brazil, there is no specific regulation regarding maximum BPA concentrations in drinking water, farming, and plastic containers, except for plastic baby bottles, which have specific regulations in regard to this contaminant (RDC Resolution n. 41/2011).…”