Degradation of Aflatoxin by Poultry Litter

Abstract

Two trials were conducted to determine whether deep stacking of contaminated corn with poultry litter destroys aflatoxin. Contaminated corn was ground and mixed with litter to carbon:nitrogen ratios of 30:1. Moistures were adjusted by adding tap water just prior to incubation or stacking. The initial laboratory trial included only broiler litter at 40% moisture, whereas the subsequent field trial involved a 2 x 2 factorial design with litter type (turkey or broiler) and moisture (20 or 40%) as main effects. Aflatoxin assays were reduced in the laboratory trial from 433 and 402 to 54 and 8 ppb in Containers 1 and 2, respectively, after 35 d of incubation at 28 C. In the field trial, aflatoxin disappeared from broiler and turkey litter mixtures with projected moistures of 20% after 10 and 6 wk of storage, respectively, whereas disappearance in mixtures containing projected moistures of 40% required 5 and 3 wk, respectively. Differences in moisture appear to account for differences in the ability of turkey and broiler litter to detoxify aflatoxin. Hence, turkey and broiler litter would appear equal with respect to the ability to detoxify aflatoxin-contaminated corn. Disappearance of aflatoxin during storage with litter could have occurred as a result of ammonia release during storage or microbial detoxification mechanisms. However, nitrogen values suggest that microbial action was responsible for much of the detoxification, as aflatoxin disappeared from mixtures with little apparent ammonia release.

Excess dietary tryptophan mitigates aflatoxicosis in growing quails

“…These phenomena may be considered as a natural security system against environmental threats to be alive during evolution. The structure of many mycotoxins has been unfold by scientists, and harmful consequences of mycotoxin residues in agricultural commodities have been well documented during the last decade that encouraged researchers to find an efficient and safe procedure to produce agricultural products prior to marketing and entering into the animal and human food chains (Aftabi, Bagherzadeh Kasmani, Jalilvand, Mehri, & Karimi Torshizi, ; Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani, Karimi‐Torshizi, Allameh, & Shariatmadari, , ; Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani & Mehri, ; Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani, Omidikia, Mirzaie, & Mehri, ; Binder, Tan, Chin, Handl, & Richard, ; Diekman & Green, ; Gregory & Edds, ; Jones, Wineland, Parsons, & Hagler, ; Li et al, ; Mohammadi, Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani, Shojaian, Mehri, & Karimi‐Torshizi, ; Murugesan et al, ; Pier, ; Zain, ; Zamani‐Zadeh & Khoursandi, ). The number of countries with specific mycotoxin regulations increased from 33 in 1981 to 100 in 2003 to protect consumers from 13 different mycotoxins through food safety policies (Van Egmond, Schothorst, & Jonker, ).…”

Comparative study on the aflatoxin B1 degradation ability of rumen fluid from Holstein steers and Korean native goats

“…Jones et al [10] reported the disappearance of AFB1 within several weeks of incubation with broiler and turkey faeces. Karlovsky [13] reported a 42% degradation of aflatoxin when incubated in vitro with rumen fluid.…”

Biological detoxification of fungal toxins and its use in plant breeding, feed and food production

“…The efficiency of the rumen metabolism was demonstrated by the fact that only 2 to 5 % of aflatoxin B1 fed to cows reached the intestine (Engel and Hagemeister, 1978). Jones et al (1996) reported on the disappearance of aflatoxin B1 within several weeks of incubation with broiler and turkey faeces. Because there was little ammonia release in these experiments, the authors suggested that microbial action was responsible for the detoxification.…”