Degradation of aflatoxin B1 during anaerobic digestion and its effect on process stability

Salati, Silvia; D’Imporzano, Giuliana; Panseri, Sara; Pasquale, Elisa; Adani, Fabrizio

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.06.011

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…AFB 1 is most likely degraded to some new products whose structural properties were different from AFB 1 [ 28 , 29 ]. Previous studies demonstrated that the unknown by-products dissolved in the aqueous phase rather than in the organic phase [ 1 ]; this may be the reason why we could not detect any degradation products in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Aflatoxins—highly morbigenous secondary metabolites mostly generated by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus —contaminate multiple staple foods, such as peanut, maize, and tree nuts, and cause a great loss to the economy and public health [ 1 , 2 ]. More than 20 types of aflatoxins have been found, and the most known and important ones are aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), aflatoxin B 2 (AFB 2 ), aflatoxin G 1 (AFG 1 ) and aflatoxin G 2 (AFG 2 ) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii with Solid State Fermentation in Peanut Meal

Zhou

Chen

Kong

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic, teratogenetic, and morbigenous secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus that can contaminate multiple staple foods, such as peanut, maize, and tree nuts. In this study, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was screened out and identified from fermented soy paste-one kind of traditional Chinese food-to detoxify aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) by aerobic solid state fermentation in peanut meal. The optimal degradation condition was chosen from single factor experiment, and the most effective detoxification rate was about 97%. As for liquid fermentation, we tested the binding ability of Z. rouxii, and the highest binding rate reached was 74.3% (nonviable cells of Z. rouxii) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Moreover, the biotransformation of AFB 1 through fermentation of Z. rouxii in peanut meal was further verified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). According to TIC scan, after fermentation by Z. rouxii, the AFB 1 in peanut meal was prominently degraded to the lowering peaks of AFB 1 . Additionally, m/s statistics demonstrated that AFB 1 may be degraded to some new products whose structural properties may be different from AFB 1 , or the degradation products may be dissolved in the aqueous phase rather than the organic phase. As far as we know, this is the first report indicating that the safe strain of Z. rouxii has the ability to detoxify AFB 1 .

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii with Solid State Fermentation in Peanut Meal

Zhou

Chen

Kong

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…[65] On the other hand, anaerobic digestion can have relevant effects on phytotoxicity of specific biomass: for instance, the phyto-toxic character of olive mill effluent is reduced after anaerobic digestion, [66] and the degradation of aflatoxin B1 from corn grain can be reached. [67] Finally, an odour reduction up to 82-88% can be obtained. [63] In conclusion, the main critical issue in final use of digestate is nitrogen release into the environment, which can be reduced by applying the best practices for preserving soil quality.…”

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confidence: 92%

Environmental impact of biogas: A short review of current knowledge

Paolini

Petracchini

Segreto

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

272

110

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The social acceptance of biogas is often hampered by environmental and health concerns. In this study, the current knowledge about the impact of biogas technology is presented and discussed. The survey reports the emission rate estimates of the main greenhouse gases (GHG), namely CO, CH and NO, according to several case studies conducted over the world. Direct emissions of gaseous pollutants are then discussed, with a focus on nitrogen oxides (NO); evidences of the importance of suitable biomass and digestate storages are also reported. The current knowledge on the environmental impact induced by final use of digestate is critically discussed, considering both soil fertility and nitrogen release into atmosphere and groundwater; several case studies are reported, showing the importance of NH emissions with regards to secondary aerosol formation. The biogas upgrading to biomethane is also included in the study: with this regard, the methane slip in the off-gas can significantly reduce the environmental benefits.

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“…After the solid/liquid separation of the digestates it was found that parasiticides end up preferentially in the liquid fraction. In the study of Salati et al (2014) 69% to 87% of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 was degraded under batch mode of AD while at semi-continuous mode the degradation was 42% in average. Dioxins are considered to be highly resistant to biodegradation probably due to their low water solubility and high K ow coefficients (Kulkarni et al, 2008).…”

Section: Parasiticides Mycotoxins and Dioxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using agro-industrial wastes for the cultivation of microalgae and duckweeds: Contamination risks and biomass safety concerns

Μάρκου

Wang

et al. 2018

Biotechnology Advances

131

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Aquatic organisms, such as microalgae (Chlorella, Arthrospira (Spirulina), Tetrasselmis, Dunalliela etc.) and duckweed (Lemna spp., Wolffia spp. etc.) are a potential source for the production of protein-rich biomass and for numerous other high-value compounds (fatty acids, pigments, vitamins etc.). Their cultivation using agro-industrial wastes and wastewater (WaW) is of particular interest in the context of a circular economy, not only for recycling valuable nutrients but also for reducing the requirements for fresh water for the production of biomass. Recovery and recycling of nutrients is an unavoidable long-term approach for securing future food and feed production. Agro-industrial WaW are rich in nutrients and have been widely considered as a potential nutrient source for the cultivation of microalgae/duckweed. However, they commonly contain various hazardous contaminants, which could potentially taint the produced biomass, raising various concerns about the safety of their consumption. Herein, an overview of the most important contaminants, including heavy metals and metalloids, pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites etc.), and xenobiotics (hormones, antibiotics, parasiticides etc.) is given. It is concluded that pretreatment and processing of WaW is a requisite step for the removal of several contaminants. Among the various technologies, anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely used in practice and offers a technologically mature approach for WaW treatment. During AD, various organic and biological contaminants are significantly removed. Further removal of contaminants could be achieved by post-treatment and processing of digestates (solid/liquid separation, dilution etc.) to further decrease the concentration of contaminants. Moreover, during cultivation an additional removal may occur through various mechanisms, such as precipitation, degradation, and biotransformation. Since many jurisdictions regulate the presence of various contaminants in feed or food setting strict safety monitoring processes, it would be of particular interest to initiate a multi-disciplinary discussion whether agro-industrial WaW ought to be used to cultivate microalgae/duckweed for feed or food production and identify most feasible options for doing this safely. Based on the current body of knowledge it is estimated that AD and post-treatment of WaW can lower significantly the risks associated with heavy metals and pathogens, but it is yet unclear to what extent this is the case for certain persistent xenobiotics.

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Degradation of aflatoxin B1 during anaerobic digestion and its effect on process stability

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii with Solid State Fermentation in Peanut Meal

Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii with Solid State Fermentation in Peanut Meal

Environmental impact of biogas: A short review of current knowledge

Using agro-industrial wastes for the cultivation of microalgae and duckweeds: Contamination risks and biomass safety concerns

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