Degradation mechanisms in organic solar cells: Localized moisture encroachment and cathode reaction

Wang, Xizu; Zhao, Cindy X.; Xu, Gu; Chen, Zhi-Kuan; Zhu, Furong

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2012.04.038

Cited by 93 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[169] In addition, comparative studies between normala nd inverted devices that utilizeP EDOT:PSS as ah ole-selective contact have shown that although inverted structures have longerl ifetimes, the hygroscopic nature of PEDOT:PSS causes serious degradation problems. [82,32] A decreasei nt he electrical conductivity due to water absorption has also been reported. [82,32] A decreasei nt he electrical conductivity due to water absorption has also been reported.…”

Section: Invertedstructured Opvsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[96] The phase separation of PEDOT:PSS as well as its interaction with the active layer are considered to be the main causes of PEDOT:PSS-induced degradation. [82,32] A decreasei nt he electrical conductivity due to water absorption has also been reported. [91,92,94,95] Another study that compares inverted and normal OPV structures under heat reports higher stabilityo fi nverted structures due to electron-barrier formation in normal OPV geometries.…”

Section: Invertedstructured Opvsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…[80] Additional instability can occur from the diffusion of PCBM during device preparation and use. [82] The effect of heat on the active layer has been reported to be considerable, and it has been shown that prolonged (100 h) annealing at 100 8Cc an lead to phase separation and PCBM crystallization. [81] It has also been observed that the interface between the cathode and the active layer in OPV devices is thermally unstable.…”

Section: Thermald Egradationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…[81] It has also been observed that the interface between the cathode and the active layer in OPV devices is thermally unstable. [82] The effect of heat on the active layer has been reported to be considerable, and it has been shown that prolonged (100 h) annealing at 100 8Cc an lead to phase separation and PCBM crystallization. [64] In this case, PCBM vanishes from the P3HT:PCBM matrix, segregates,a nd gathers in clusters observed as black large zones ( Figure 5b).…”

Section: Thermald Egradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for Improving the Lifetime Performance of Organic Photovoltaics with Low‐Costing Encapsulation

et al. 2015

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Recent years have seen considerable advances in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), most notably a significant increase in their efficiency, from around 4 % to over 10 %. The stability of these devices, however, continues to remain an issue that needs to be resolved to enable their commercialization. This review discusses the main degradation processes of OPVs and recent methods that help to increase device stability and lifetime. One of the most effective steps that can be taken to increase the lifetime of OPVs is their encapsulation, which protects them from atmospheric degradation. Efficient encapsulation is essential for long-term device performance, but it is equally important for the commercialization of OPVs to strike a balance between achieving the maximum device protection possible and using low-cost processing for their encapsulation. Various encapsulation techniques are discussed herein, with emphasis on their cost effectiveness and their overall suitability for commercial applications.

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Section: Invertedstructured Opvsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Invertedstructured Opvsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Thermald Egradationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Thermald Egradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for Improving the Lifetime Performance of Organic Photovoltaics with Low‐Costing Encapsulation

et al. 2015

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“…As discussed in the previous section of this chapter, the presence of oxygen and moisture in the operating environment of OSCs causes an oxygen-induced charge traps and hence leads to imbalanced charge mobility within the BHJ photoactive layer, which is one of the major degradation pathways in OSCs [99]. In addition to the charge traps formed in the organic photoactive layer, localized failure due to the water encroachment, oxidation occurring at the organic/cathode interface of OSCs [100] and UV-induced degradation processes [101] are also responsible for the instability of OSCs.…”

Section: Stability Of Bulk-heterojunction Oscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and Excitonic Solar Cells

Zhu

2014

Springer Series in Materials Science

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Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) are an attractive alternative to silicon based solar cells due to low cost solution fabrication processes. The efficiencies and lifetimes of OSCs are not yet high enough for them to be commercially viable, but significant research effort has been devoted to improving the performance of OSCs through materials innovation and new device designs. It is known that the optical absorption in organic solar cells is limited due to the mismatch between the charge transport scale and optical absorption depth. There are two major research approaches aimed at improving the performance of OSCs. One approach is focused on the development of new organic compounds with tailored energy levels in order to increase the efficiency of OSCs through improved spectral response over the long wavelength region. The other is to realize broadband absorption enhancement in OSCs through light trapping effects. After a brief overview of basics of OSCs, the charge transport properties, different approaches including incorporating metal nanoparticles and surface plasmonic structures to enhancethe absorption in OSCs will be discussed. Apart from the encouraging results in achieving high efficiency for OSCs, realizing stabile OSC performance over a long operation lifetime also attracts a significant research effort. A comprehensive study on the degradation mechanisms of OSCs is also presented in the last part of the chapter.

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Operational Stability and Built‐in Potential in Organic Solar Cells

Lan

Zhu

2022

Organic Solar Cells

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Degradation mechanisms in organic solar cells: Localized moisture encroachment and cathode reaction

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Methods for Improving the Lifetime Performance of Organic Photovoltaics with Low‐Costing Encapsulation

Methods for Improving the Lifetime Performance of Organic Photovoltaics with Low‐Costing Encapsulation

Organic and Excitonic Solar Cells

Operational Stability and Built‐in Potential in Organic Solar Cells

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