Degradation behavior of carbon nanotubes/phenol-furfuryl alcohol multifunctional composites with aerospace application

Conejo, Luíza dos Santos; Costa, M. L.; Oishi, Sílvia Sizuka; Botelho, Edson Cocchieri

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/aa8f60

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The replacement of formaldehyde is the main challenge. Hydroxymethylfurfural (Zhang et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2019), furfuryl alcohol (Conejo et al, 2017), glyoxal [Van Nieuwenhove et al, 2020] and vanillin (Foyer et al, 2016b) are few of the bio-based precursors that have been considered and investigated for the replacement of formaldehyde in PF resin synthesis.…”

Section: Phenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

et al. 2022

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During last decades a plethora of high temperature materials have been developed to work as a Thermal Protection System (TPS). Carbon based materials such as graphite, which possesses low density, high heat capacity and high energy of vaporization, have been used as TPS material. However, graphite has relatively poor mechanical properties, but exhibits low resistance to the thermal shocks. Accordingly, to bypass the limitation of graphite, carbon fibers are typically introduced in a carbon matrix to produce Carbon/Carbon Composites (CCCs). Among the different families of TPS solutions, Polymeric Ablative Materials (PAMs), produced combining high char yield matrices - mainly phenolic resins - and Carbon Fibers (CFs) are used to manufacture Carbon/Phenolic Composites (CPCs) i.e. the most important class of fiber reinforced PAM. Carbon fibers are traditionally produced from Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Rayon and Pitch. Some limited researches also aimed to use cyanate-esters, bismaleimides, benzoxazines matrices in combination with ex-PAN-CFs, ex-Rayon-CFs, and ex-Pitch-CFs. In our paper, after covering the science and technology of these state-of-the-art fiber reinforced TPS materials, a review of current challenges behind the manufacturing of new, high char yield matrices and carbon fibers derived from alternative precursors will be provided to the reader. In particular, the possibility to produce CFs from precursors different from PAN, Rayon and Pitch will be reported and similarly, the technology of non-oil based phenolics, bismaleimides, cyanate-esters and benzoxazines will be discussed. The effect of the use of nanosized fillers on these matrices will also be reported. More in detail, after a preliminary section in which the state of the art of technologies behind carbon/phenolic composites will be covered, a second part of this review paper will be focused on the most recent development related to non-oil based phenolics and biomass derived carbon fibers. Finally, an outlook focused on the maturity of the lab-scale protocols behind the researches at the base of these non-traditional raw materials from an industrial point of view will conclude this review paper.

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Section: Phenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

et al. 2022

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“…The synthesis route used in this work is described in previous work [11]. Briefly, first phenol and formaldehyde (supplied by Vetec) is reacted in the presence of a sodium hydroxide (from Nuclear) for 30 min at 90°Cs-95°C.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Phenol-furfuryl Alcohol (Pfa) Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal behavior of phenol-furfuryl alcohol resin/carbon nanotubes composites

Conejo

Costa

Oishi

et al. 2018

Mater. Res. Express

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Phenol-furfuryl alcohol resins (PFA) are excellent candidates to replace existing thermoset matrices used in obtaining insulating systems or carbon materials, both in its pure form and reinforced with nanoscale structures. This work had as main purpose synthesize and investigate thermal characterization of PFA resin and its nanostructured composites with different concentrations of carbon nanotubes (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 wt%). The DSC analysis was performed to estimate the specific heat (c p ) of the cured samples and thermomechanical analysis to find the linear thermal expansion coefficient (α). From these results, the c p values found for the PFA system was similar to that described in the literature for the phenolic resin. The c p increased with the increase in the CNT concentration in the system up to 0.5%. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion obtained by TMA technique for PFA sample was 33.10 −6 /°C which was close to the α value of phenolic resin (40 to 80.10 −6 /°C).

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“…Artificial graphite has the disadvantage of undergoing oxidation reactions in atmospheres containing O 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O; it generally oxidizes at temperatures above 450 • C in air [7,8]. Such reactions cause deterioration of mechanical strength and electrical properties in materials used in fields involving high-temperature technology, such as nuclear power and refractories [7,9]. As such, many researchers have added materials and applied coatings to prevent the oxidation of graphite blocks [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Oxidation Resistance of Graphite Block by Introducing Curing Process of Phenolic Resin

Lee

Roh

2023

Materials

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The purpose of this study is to improve the oxidation resistance of graphite blocks after graphitization at 2800 °C by introducing a curing process of phenolic resin, used as a binder to control the pore size. Using the methylene index obtained from FTIR, the curing temperature was set to 150 °C, the temperature at which cross-linking most highly occurs. Graphite blocks that had undergone curing, and were carbonized with a slow heating rate, showed increased mechanical and electrical properties. Microstructural observation confirmed that the curing process inhibited the formation of large pores in the graphite block. Therefore, the cured graphite block showed better oxidation resistance in air than a non-cured graphite block. Oxidation of the graphite block was caused by pores created by pyrolysis of the phenolic resin binder, which acted as active sites.

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Degradation behavior of carbon nanotubes/phenol-furfuryl alcohol multifunctional composites with aerospace application

Abstract: View the article online for updates and enhancements.

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

High Temperature Composites From Renewable Resources: A Perspective on Current Technological Challenges for the Manufacturing of Non-Oil Based High Char Yield Matrices and Carbon Fibers

Thermal behavior of phenol-furfuryl alcohol resin/carbon nanotubes composites

Improved Oxidation Resistance of Graphite Block by Introducing Curing Process of Phenolic Resin

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