Degradation and Toxicity Analysis of a Reactive Textile Diazo Dye-Direct Red 81 by Newly Isolated Bacillus sp. DMS2

Rapid industrialization has provided comforts to mankind but has also impacted the environment harmfully. There has been severe increase in the pollution due to several industries, in particular due to dye industry, which generate huge quantities of wastewater containing hazardous chemicals. Although tremendous developments have taken place for the treatment and management of such wastewater through chemical or biological processes, there is an emerging shift in the approach, with focus shifting on resource recovery from such wastewater and also their management in sustainable manner. This review article aims to present and discuss the most advanced and state-of-art technical and scientific developments about the treatment of dye industry wastewater, which include advanced oxidation process, membrane filtration technique, microbial technologies, bio-electrochemical degradation, photocatalytic degradation, etc. Among these technologies, microbial degradation seems highly promising for resource recovery and sustainability and has been discussed in detail as a promising approach. This paper also covers the challenges and future perspectives in this field.

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“…AK2 [ 129 ] 12 methyl orange M. yunnaenensis [ 130 ] 13 Direct Red 81 [DR81] Bacillus sp . DMS2 [ 131 ] …”

Section: Treatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater

et al. 2020

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“…Similar results were observed in the case of azo dyes. A phytotoxicity assay was performed to evaluate the toxic effects of Direct Red 81on Lemna minor (27). In the presence of dye, 90% growth inhibition was recorded after 10 days incubation, and the germination of Vigna radiata, Raphanus sativus and Abelmoschus esculentus seeds was reduced in the presence of dye DR81, to only 30, 30 and 36 % of seeds germinating respectively (27).…”

Section: Effect Of Dye On the Early Shoot And Root Growth And Fresh W...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of secondary metabolites and the physiological parameters of plants are affected by the presence of dyes or heavy metals in the growth medium. A surge in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was observed in the Lemna minor plants grown in the presence of Direct Red 81 (27). Reports are on studied the effect of cadmium on the antioxidant activity of Erica andevalensis.…”

Section: Effect Of Dye On Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity Of A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effects of the toxic industrial dye malachite green on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Allium cepa L.

2022

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The therapeutic importance of Allium cepa L. has been well established through ethnobotanical studies. Malachite Green is a highly toxic dye that finds extensive use in the textile industry as a fabric colorant. A. cepa was treated with malachite green solutions (20mg/l and 40mg/l) for 45 days. The roots actively take up malachite green and impede the plant's growth in root length, shoot length and fresh weight. A. cepa is rich in bioactive compounds, which have superior antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. We observe that the antimicrobial activities decrease by 36% for Staphylococcus aureus and 31% for Escherichia coli on the treatment of A. cepa bulbs with 40 mg/l malachite green. Antioxidant activity was similarly lowered by 61% under the toxic effects of the dye. Reduction in the efficacy of A. cepa in terms of the critical medicinal properties and general retardation in growth is a cause of concern. This article reports a previously unknown aspect of malachite green toxicity and presents the effect of any dye on the medicinal properties of A. cepa for the first time.

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“…Azoreductases are one of the most common enzymes found in many bacteria, such as Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus faecalis YZ 66, and Bacillus sp. [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Azoreductases are classified into various classes based on co-enzyme requirements, flavin-dependent and independent [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation, Decolorization, and Detoxification of Di-Azo Dye Direct Red 81 by Halotolerant, Alkali-Thermo-Tolerant Bacterial Mixed Cultures

Abdeltawab

Farag

2022

Microorganisms

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Azo dyes impact the environment and deserve attention due to their widespread use in textile and tanning industries and challenging degradation. The high temperature, pH, and salinity used in these industries render industrial effluent decolorization and detoxification a challenging process. An enrichment technique was employed to screen for cost-effective biodegraders of Direct Red 81 (DR81) as a model for diazo dye recalcitrant to degradation. Our results showed that three mixed bacterial cultures achieved ≥80% decolorization within 8 h of 40 mg/L dye in a minimal salt medium with 0.1% yeast extract (MSM-Y) and real wastewater. Moreover, these mixed cultures showed ≥70% decolorization within 24 h when challenged with dye up to 600 mg/L in real wastewater and tolerated temperatures up to 60 °C, pH 10, and 5% salinity in MSM-Y. Azoreductase was the main contributor to DR81 decolorization based on crude oxidative and reductive enzymatic activity of cell-free supernatants and was stable at a wide range of pH and temperatures. Molecular identification of azoreductase genes suggested multiple AzoR genes per mixed culture with a possible novel azoreductase gene. Metabolite analysis using hyphenated techniques suggested two reductive pathways for DR81 biodegradation involving symmetric and asymmetric azo-bond cleavage. The DR81 metabolites were non-toxic to Artemia salina nauplii and Lepidium sativum seeds. This study provided evidence for DR81 degradation using robust stress-tolerant mixed cultures with potential use in azo dye wastewater treatment.

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Degradation and Toxicity Analysis of a Reactive Textile Diazo Dye-Direct Red 81 by Newly Isolated Bacillus sp. DMS2

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater

A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater

Adverse effects of the toxic industrial dye malachite green on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Allium cepa L.

Biodegradation, Decolorization, and Detoxification of Di-Azo Dye Direct Red 81 by Halotolerant, Alkali-Thermo-Tolerant Bacterial Mixed Cultures

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