Degradation and cell toxicity of new nanofibrous materials for tissue engineering

Abstract

Biodegradable materials are promising for the development of tissue engineering constructions. At the same time, they must have a satisfactory weight loss profile, no toxicity and the ability to support cell proliferation. Polylactides and their derivatives are intensively used to reconstruct tissues and organs and in drug delivery systems, but the technology of manufacturing materials is not standardized. Electrospinning is an affordable technology that can be used to create three-dimensional nanofiber structures for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but their use is currently limited due to insufficient study. The aim. Creation of three-dimensional structures from polylactic acid, evaluation of their biodegradation profile, and cellular toxicity in the model of dermal fibroblasts. Material and methods. Nanofiber membranes were obtained by standard electrospinning and using NanoMatrix3D technology. The degradation study was performed in SBF solution in static and dynamic modes to determine the percentage of weight loss. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on primary dermal fibroblast culture with assessment of resazurin reduction and DAPI imaging. Conclusions. The use of electrospinning technology allows us to create nanofiber membranes that are capable of biodegradation and have a satisfactory toxicity profile. The dynamic system of degradation leads to an increase in a mass loss by membranes due to the removal of degradation products. The data indicate the possibility of using PLA-based materials for the development of structures for tissue engineering.