Degradation analysis of Reactive Red 198 by hairy roots of Tagetes patula L. (Marigold)

Abstract

Tagetes patula L. (Marigold) hairy roots were selected among few hairy root cultures from other plants tested for the decolorization of Reactive Red 198. Hairy roots of Tagetes were able to remove dye concentrations up to 110 mg L(-l) and could be successively used at least for five consecutive decolorization cycles. The hairy roots of Tagetes decolorized six different dyes, viz. Golden Yellow HER, Methyl Orange, Orange M2RL, Navy Blue HE2R, Reactive Red M5B and Reactive Red 198. Significant induction of the activity of biotransformation enzymes indicated their crucial role in the dye metabolism. UV-vis spectroscopy, HPLC and FTIR spectroscopy analyses confirmed the degradation of Reactive Red 198. A possible pathway for the biodegradation of Reactive Red 198 has been proposed with the help of GC-MS and metabolites identified as 2-aminonaphthol, p-aminovinylsulfone ethyl disulfate and 1-aminotriazine, 3-pyridine sulfonic acid. The phytotoxicity study demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the extracted metabolites. The use of such hairy root cultures with a high ability for bioremediation of dyes is discussed.

Synergistic degradation of diazo dye Direct Red 5B by Portulaca grandiflora and Pseudomonas putida

“…Peroxidases from Ipomoea palmata and Saccharum spontaneum and Phragmites australis have been used for dye decolorization (Carias et al 2007;Peralta-Zamora et al 1998;Shaffiqu et al 2002). LiP, tyrosinase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, DCIP reductase and laccase activity have been shown to be induced in root system of T. patula, B. malcolmii, T. flagelliforme, A. amellus and G. pulchella during the decolorization of DR5B, Brilliant Blue R, Remazol Red and Green HE4B (Kabra et al 2011a, b;Kagalkar et al 2009Kagalkar et al , 2010Khandare et al 2011a, b;Patil et al 2009). The activities of similar enzymes have been observed to be induced in the roots of Brassica juncea during the degradation of synthetic mixture of dyes and even textile effluents (Ghodake et al 2009).…”

“…Remediation of textile dyes such as Acid Orange 7, Direct Red 5B (DR5B), Brilliant Blue R, Remazol Red, Green HE4B and Remazol Orange 3R has been independently tried by using some plants, namely, Phragmites australis, Blumea malcolmii, Tagetes patula, Typhonium flagelliforme, Aster amellus, Portulaca grandiflora and Glandularia pulchella (Davies et al 2005;Kabra et al 2011a, b;Kagalkar et al 2009Kagalkar et al , 2010Khandare et al 2011a, b;Patil et al 2009). Rheum rabarbarum (rhubarb) and R. hydrolapatum are able to treat the sulfonated anthraquinones (Aubert and Schwitzguebel 2004).…”

Bio-removal of Azo Dyes: A Review

“…Phytoremediation is emerging as the most promising technology for the remediation of soils and groundwater contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants which provide an innovative, cost effective alternative approach for biotreatment of wastewater (Patil et al, 2009). Recently, some studies describe the use of plants for bioremoval of dye from wastewaters.…”

Studies on phytoremediation potentiality of Typhonium flagelliforme for the degradation of Brilliant Blue R

“…Laccase has been reported to be induced in Brassica juncea with the exposure of the dye Reactive Red 2 (Ghodake et al 2009). Peroxidase, tyrosinase and DCIP reductase have been reported to be induced during the decolorization of DR5B in Blumea malcolmii and in Tagetes patula L. hairy roots after the decolorization of Reactive Red 198 (Kagalkar et al 2009;Patil et al 2009). The significant induction of peroxidase, laccase, tyrosinase, and DCIP reductase following exposure to BBR indicated the importance of these enzymes in the metabolism of the dye.…”