Degradable polyprodrugs: design and therapeutic efficiency

Abstract

Degradable polyprodrugs are developed to increase therapeutic properties of drugs and reduce detrimental side effects.

Self-Amplified Cascade Degradation and Oxidative Stress Via Rational pH Regulation of Oxidation-Responsive Poly(ferrocene) Aggregates

“…Typically, when the solution pH value changes from ∼3.5 to ∼5.5, the reaction rate of phenylboronic acid with H 2 O 2 can increase by ∼100-fold. , Based on the principle of Fenton reaction, the chemical breakdown of H 2 O 2 is catalyzed by ferrous ions and ferrocene to produce a series of species, such as hydroxide ions and cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals. − Rational utilization of subtle microenvironment regulation is promising to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic systems with high responsive sensitivity. On the other hand, polyprodrug amphiphiles have been increasingly applied for biomedicine due to their promising advantages, including high drug loading, facile fabrication, controlled self-assembly, and on-demand controlled release. − Of note, the drug loading can be precisely determined according to the degree of polymerization as well as molecular weight. , …”

Cancer cell membrane fused liposomal platinum(iv) prodrugs overcome cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma chemotherapy

“…10,11 To address CDDP resistance, Pt(IV) prodrugs have been developed, presenting a less toxic alternative. [12][13][14][15][16] Owing to the fully saturated center Pt atom, Pt(IV) prodrugs are more resistant to ligand substitution reactions than CDDP, allowing minimized undesired reactions with biomolecules before binding to DNA. 11,17 Within tumor cells, Pt(IV) prodrugs can be reduced, predominantly by agents like GSH, to yield their highly cytotoxic Pt(II) counterparts.…”

Poly(pro-curcumin) Materials Exhibit Dual Release Rates and Prolonged Antioxidant Activity as Thin Films and Self-Assembled Particles

“…38,39 Because the carrier polymers in drug-polymer conjugates are usually pharmaceutically inactive and only serve as a scaffold, drug loading is limited. 40,41 Higher drug loading can be achieved by directly incorporating curcumin into the polymer's chemical structure, where such poly(pro-drugs) act both as the carrier matrix material and a depot of the drug itself. 40 Curcumin-containing polyacetals, 42,43 polyoxalates, 44 polycarbonates, 45,46 polyurethane, 47 and polyesters 43,48 have been reported, and the release of curcumin from these materials were either rapid (<30 h) 44 or sustained (2−80 days), 42,43,45,46 depending on the stability of the linker chemistry used to enchain the drug molecules.…”

“…Another strategy to enhance the solubility and long-term stability of curcumin is to conjugate the reactive phenol groups to the side chains of polyethylene glycol, , hyaluronic acid, − sodium alginate, or xylan . The diketone group in curcumin can also be functionalized by interacting with polymers bearing boronic acids , or complexation with metal ions. , Because the carrier polymers in drug-polymer conjugates are usually pharmaceutically inactive and only serve as a scaffold, drug loading is limited. , Higher drug loading can be achieved by directly incorporating curcumin into the polymer’s chemical structure, where such poly­(pro-drugs) act both as the carrier matrix material and a depot of the drug itself . Curcumin-containing polyacetals, , polyoxalates, polycarbonates, , polyurethane, and polyesters , have been reported, and the release of curcumin from these materials were either rapid (<30 h) or sustained (2–80 days), ,,, depending on the stability of the linker chemistry used to enchain the drug molecules.…”