Degassing of sedimentary rocks due to Chicxulub impact: Hydrocode and physical simulations

Ivanov, B. A.; Badukov, D. D.; Yakovlev, O. L.; Герасимов, М. В.; Dikov, Yu. P.; Pope, Kevin; Ocampo, A.

doi:10.1130/0-8137-2307-8.125

Cited by 42 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…While we did not attempt to model the detailed stratigraphy of the Chicxulub area (e.g., the water layer), the features of our calculation correlate well with the model developed from the field data. Our calculations exhibit more of the features than other efforts that attempted to match the initial Chicxulub strata [Ivanov et al, 1996]. Referring to Figure 2 and starting at the right edge of the crater, the calculations show the downward displacement of material near and below the surface.…”

Section: Figure 1 La Shows Various Crater Ratios As a Function Of Ys/mentioning

confidence: 72%

Complex craters: Relationship of stratigraphy and rings to impact conditions

O’Keefe¹,

Ahrens²

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. One of the key issues associated with the understanding of large scale impacts is how the observable complex crater structural features (e.g., central peaks and pits, flat floors, ring shaped ridges and depressions, stratigraphic modifications, and faults) relate to the impactor's parameters (e.g., radius, velocity, and density) and the nonobservable transient crater measures (e.g., depth of penetration and diameter at maximum penetration). We have numerically modeled large-scale impacts on planets for a range of impactor parameters, gravity and planetary material strengths. From these we found that the collapse of the transient cavity results in the development of a tall, transient central peak that oscillates and drives surface waves that are arrested by the balance between gravitational forces and planetary strength to produce a wide range of the observed surface features. In addition, we found that the underlying stratigraphy is inverted outside of the transient cavity diameter (overturned flap region), but not inside. This change in stratigraphy is observable by remote sensing, drilling, seismic imaging and gravity mapping techniques. We used the above results to develop scaling laws and to make estimates of the impact parameters for the Chicxulub impact and also compared the calculated stratigraphic profile with the internal structure model developed by Hildebrand et. al. [ 1998], using gravity, seismic and other field data. For a stratigraphy rotation diameter of 90 km, the maximum depth of penetration is -43 km. The impactor diameter was also calculated. From the scaling relationships we get for a 2.7 g/cm3 asteroid impacting at 20 km/s, or a 1.0 g/cm3 comet impacting at 40 km/s, an impactor diameter of-13 km, and for a comet impacting at 60 km/s, an impactor diameter of

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Section: Figure 1 La Shows Various Crater Ratios As a Function Of Ys/mentioning

confidence: 72%

Complex craters: Relationship of stratigraphy and rings to impact conditions

O’Keefe¹,

Ahrens²

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…15b), is slightly different from that of the CEMY, showing a pronounced positive As anomaly and relatively higher U and Sr normalized abundances. The differences in the calculated CTIY composition and that of the CEMY can be attributed to an incomplete record of Cretaceous, and possibly older, lithologies of the target volume that was sampled by the Yax-1 borehole (e.g., the borehole did not intersect any clastic sedimentary rocks), to the devolatilization of anhydrite and other highly volatile phases (e.g., As) during the impact event (as postulated by, e.g., Sigurdsson et al 1992or Ivanov et al 1996, and to the presence of quite a significant amount of calcite and barite in the impactites.…”

Section: Carbonate End-membermentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of impactites and Cretaceous target rocks from the Yaxcopoil‐1 borehole, Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico: Implications for target composition

Tuchscherer

Reimold

Koeberl

et al. 2005

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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All tables for this article are available online at http://meteoritics.org.Abstract-We present major and trace element data as well as petrographic observations for impactites (suevitic groundmass, bulk suevite, and melt rock particles) and target lithologies, including Cretaceous anhydrite, dolomite, argillaceous limestone, and oil shale, from the Yaxcopoil-1 borehole, Chixculub impact structure. The suevitic groundmass and bulk suevite have similar compositions, largely representing mixtures of carbonate and silicate components. The latter are dominated by melt rock particles. Trace element data indicate that dolomitic rocks represented a significant target component that became incorporated into the suevites; in contrast, major elements indicate a strong calcitic component in the impactites. The siliceous end-member requires a mafic component in order to explain the low SiO 2 content. Multicomponent mixing of various target rocks, the high alteration state, and dilution by carbonate complicate the determination of primary melt particle compositions. However, two overlapping compositional groups can be discerned-a high-Ba, low-Ta group and a high-Fe, high-Zn, and high-Hf group. Cretaceous dolomitic rocks, argillaceous limestone, and shale are typically enriched in U, As, Br, and Sb, whereas anhydrite contains high Sr contents. The oil shale samples have abundances that are similar to the North American Shale Composite (NASC), but with a comparatively high U content. Clastic sedimentary rocks are characterized by relatively high Th, Hf, Zr, As, and Sb abundances. Petrographic observations indicate that the Cretaceous rocks in the Yaxcopoil-1 drill core likely register a multistage deformation history that spans the period from preto post-impact. Contrary to previous studies that claimed evidence for the presence of impact melt breccia injection veins, we have found no evidence in our samples from a depth of 1347-1348 m for the presence of melt breccia. We favor that clastic veinlets occur in a sheared and altered zone that underwent intense diagenetic overprint prior to the impact event.

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“…The evaporites are supposed to have released large volumes of sulfur components (SO X ) to the atmosphere upon shock vaporization (Pope et al 1994;Ivanov et al 1996;Pierazzo et al 1998;Yang and Ahrens 1998;Gupta et al 2001). However, the precise degassing conditions of evaporites are even more complex and less known than those of carbonates.…”

Section: Evaporites In the Target Rockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact presumably injected large quantities of volatiles (CO 2 , H 2 O, SO X ) and dust, which were released by shock vaporization and comminution of the target rock into the atmosphere. Their accumulation in the atmosphere likely lead to a strong perturbation of the Earth's climate (Pope et al 1994;Ivanov et al 1996;Pope et al 1997;Pierazzo et al 1998;Yang and Ahrens 1998;Gupta et al 2001). Recently, several models converged toward a calculated volume in the range of 10 17 g of SO X released.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The suevite of drill hole Yucatàn 6 in the Chicxulub impact crater

Claeys

Heuschkel²,

Lounejeva

et al. 2003

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

110

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The suevite of drill hole Yucatàn 6 in the Chicxulub impact craterPhilippe CLAEYS, 1* Sabine HEUSCHKEL, 2 Elena LOUNEJEVA-BATURINA, 3 Gerardo SANCHEZ-RUBIO, 3 Abstract-The suevite breccia of the Chicxulub impact crater, Yucatàn, Mexico, is more variable and complex in terms of composition and stratigraphy than suevites observed at other craters. Detailed studies (microscope, electron microprobe, SEM, XRF) have been carried out on a noncontinuous set of samples from the drill hole Yucatàn 6 (Y6) located 50 km SW from the center of the impact structure. Three subunits can be distinguished in the suevite: the upper unit is a fine-grained carbonate-rich suevite breccia with few shocked basement clasts, mostly altered melt fragments, and formerly melted carbonate material; the middle suevite is a coarse-grained suevite with shocked basement clasts and altered silicate melt fragments; the lower suevite unit is composed of shocked basement and melt fragments and large evaporite clasts. The matrix of the suevite is not clastic but recrystallized and composed mainly of feldspar and pyroxene. The composition of the upper members of the suevite is dominated by the sedimentary cover of the Yucatàn target rock. With depth in well Y6, the amount of carbonate decreases and the proportion of evaporite and silicate basement rocks increases significantly. Even at the thin section scale, melt phases of different chemistry can be identified, showing that no widespread homogenization of the melt took place. The melt compositions also reflect the heterogeneity of the deep Yucatàn basement. Calcite with characteristic feathery texture indicates the existence of formerly pure carbonate melt. The proportion of carbonate to evaporite clasts is less than 5:1, except in the lower suevite where large evaporite clasts are present. This proportion constrains the amount of CO 2 and SO X released by the impact event.

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Degassing of sedimentary rocks due to Chicxulub impact: Hydrocode and physical simulations

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Complex craters: Relationship of stratigraphy and rings to impact conditions

Complex craters: Relationship of stratigraphy and rings to impact conditions

Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of impactites and Cretaceous target rocks from the Yaxcopoil‐1 borehole, Chicxulub impact structure, Mexico: Implications for target composition

The suevite of drill hole Yucatàn 6 in the Chicxulub impact crater

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