Degassing-induced crystallization of basaltic magma and effects on lava rheology

Lipman, Peter W.; Banks, Norman G.; Rhodes, J. M.

doi:10.1038/317604a0

Cited by 115 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In general, the groundmass of a'a lava is more crystallized than that of pahoehoe (Macdonald 1953;Lipman et al 1985;Cashman et al 1999), and groundmass textures in the dive samples are similar to subaerial a'a lava. Groundmass textures of small fragments in breccias are also highly crystallized, interstitial and intergranular ( Fig.…”

Section: Bench Scarp (Dive K210)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko

Yokose

Lipman

2004

Bull Volcanol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emplacement of a giant submarine slide complex, offshore of South Kona, Hawaii Island, was investigated in 2001 by visual observation and in-situ sampling on the bench scarp and a megablock, during two dives utilizing the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Kaiko and its mother ship R/V Kairei. Topography of the bench scarp and megablocks were defined in 3-D perspective, using high-resolution digital bathymetric data acquired during the cruise. Compositions of 34 rock samples provide constraints on the landslide source regions and emplacement mechanisms. The bench scarp consists mainly of highly fractured, vesiculated, and oxidized a'a lavas that slumped from the subaerial flank of ancestral Mauna Loa. The megablock contains three units: block facies, matrix facies, and draped sediment. The block facies contains hyaloclastite interbedded with massive lava, which slid from the shallow submarine flank of ancestral Mauna Loa, as indicated by glassy groundmass of the hyaloclastite, low oxidation state, and low sulfur content. The matrix facies, which directly overlies the block facies and is similar to a lahar deposit, is thought to have been deposited from the water column immediately after the South Kona slide event. The draped sediment is a thin high-density turbidite layer that may be a distal facies of the Alika-2 debris-avalanche deposit; its composition overlaps with rocks from subaerial Mauna Loa. The deposits generated by the South Kona slide vary from debris avalanche deposit to turbidite. Spatial distribution of the deposits is consistent with deposits related to large landslides adjacent to other Hawaiian volcanoes and the Canary Islands.

show abstract

Section: Bench Scarp (Dive K210)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko

Yokose

Lipman

2004

Bull Volcanol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flow length data (triangles) are from . Effusion rate data (circles) are from Lipman et al (1985) and Lipman and Banks (1987). The dashed line is a best-fit logarithmic fit to the effusion rate data, calculated with the same value (305 m 3 s 1 ; open bar) for days 1, 2, 3, and 4.…”

Section: Effusion Rates and Effective Effusion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lengths and hazards from channel-fed lava flows on Mauna Loa, Hawai‘i, determined from thermal and downslope modeling with FLOWGO

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using the FLOWGO thermo-rheological model we have determined cooling-limited lengths of channelfed (i.e. 'a'ā) lava flows from Mauna Loa. We set up the program to run autonomously, starting lava flows from every 4th line and sample in a 30-m spatial-resolution SRTM DEM within regions corresponding to the NE and SW rift zones and the N flank of the volcano. We consider that each model run represents an effective effusion rate, which for an actual flow coincides with it reaching 90% of its total length. We ran the model at effective effusion rates ranging from 1 to 1,000 m 3 s 1 , and determined the cooling-limited channel length for each. Keeping in mind that most flows extend 1-2 km beyond the end of their well-developed channels and that our results are nonprobabilistic in that they give all potential vent sites an equal likelihood to erupt, lava coverage results include the following: SW rift zone flows threaten almost all of Mauna Loa's SW flanks, even at effective effusion rates as low as 50 m 3 s 1 (the average effective effusion rate for SW rift zone eruptions since 1843 is close to 400 m 3 s 1 ). N flank eruptions, although rare in the recent geologic record, have the potential to threaten much of the coastline S of Keauhou with effective effusion rates of 50-100 m 3 s 1 , and the coast near Anaeho'omalu if effective effusion rates are 400-500 m 3 s 1 (the 1859 'a'ā flow reached this coast with an effective effusion rate of $400 m 3 s 1 ). If the NE rift zone continues to be active only at elevations >2,500 m, in order for a channel-fed flow to reach Hilo the effective effusion rate needs to be !400 m 3 s 1 (the 1984 flow by comparison, had an effective effusion rate of 200 m 3 s 1 ). Hilo could be threatened by NE rift zone channel-fed flows with lower effective effusion rates but only if they issue from vents at $2,000 m or lower. Populated areas on Mauna Loa's SE flanks (e.g. Pāhala), could be threatened by SW rift zone eruptions with effective effusion rates of $100 m 3 s 1 .

show abstract

“…The amount of dissolved gases, preserved as bubbles in the lava flow, can also affect viscosity and flow behaviour (e.g. Pinkerton and Sparks 1978;Lipman et al 1985;Manga et al 1998;Rust and Manga 2002;Llewellin and Manga 2005). However, knowledge of these influences on the apparent viscosity of a bubbly lava is limited (Stein and Spera 1992;Quane and Russell 2005;Pistone et al 2012;Chevrel et al 2013), and they are therefore not included in viscosity calculations here.…”

Section: Crust Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacement of the Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow (Lipari, Aeolian Islands)

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Rocche Rosse lava flow marks the most recent rhyolitic extrusion on Lipari island (Italy), and preserves evidence for a multi-stage emplacement history. Due to the viscous nature of the advancing lava (10 8 to 10 10 Pa s), indicators of complex emplacement processes are preserved in the final flow. This study focuses on structural mapping of the flow to highlight the interplay of cooling, crust formation and underlying slope in the development of rhyolitic lavas. The flow is made up of two prominent lobes, small (< 0.2 m) to large (> 0.2 m) scale folding and a channelled geometry. Foliations dip at 2-4°over the flatter topography close to the vent, and up to 30-50°over steeper mid-flow topography. Brittle faults, tension gashes and conjugate fractures are also evident across flow. Heterogeneous deformation is evident through increasing fold asymmetry from the vent due to downflow cooling and stagnation. A steeper underlying topography mid-flow led to development of a channelled morphology, and compression at topographic breaks resulted in fold superimposition in the channel. We propose an emplacement history that involved the evolution through five stages, each associated with the following flow regimes: (1) initial extrusion, crustal development and small scale folding; (2) extensional strain, stretching lineations and channel development over steeper topography; (3) compression at topographic break, autobrecciation, lobe development and medium scale folding; (4) progressive deformation with stagnation, large-scale folding and refolding; and (5) brittle deformation following flow termination. The complex array of structural elements observed within the Rocche Rosse lava flow facilitates comparisons to be made with actively deforming rhyolitic lava flows at the Chilean volcanoes of Chaitén and Cordón Caulle, offering a fluid dynamic and structural framework within which to evaluate our data.

show abstract

Degassing-induced crystallization of basaltic magma and effects on lava rheology

Cited by 115 publications

References 22 publications

Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko

Emplacement mechanisms of the South Kona slide complex, Hawaii Island: sampling and observations by remotely operated vehicle Kaiko

Lengths and hazards from channel-fed lava flows on Mauna Loa, Hawai‘i, determined from thermal and downslope modeling with FLOWGO

Emplacement of the Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow (Lipari, Aeolian Islands)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About