Mixed µ theoryLinear matrix inequality Bilinear matrix inequality a b s t r a c t A novel Finite Word Length (FWL) controller design is proposed in the framework of a mixed µ theory.A robust FWL controller performance measure is first developed, which takes into account the standard robust control requirements as well as the FWL implementation considerations, and the corresponding controller design problem is naturally reformulated as a mixed µ problem which can be treated effectively with the results of the mixed µ theory.© 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
IntroductionRobust control capable of coping with uncertainty in plant dynamics has been the focal point of the control community for the past three decades. An implicit assumption in most of the existing robust design methods is that controllers are implemented exactly, i.e. there is no uncertainty occurring in realising controllers. In reality controllers are implemented with Finite Word Length (FWL) processors. In 1997, the fragility problem was raised in the work of (Keel & Bhattacharyya, 1997) which showed by examples that a controller achieving the largest robustness to plant uncertainty most likely has a vanishingly small closed-loop stability margin with respect to the controller parameters. Thus, a control system designed by maximising its robustness to plant uncertainty may be fragile, and the resulting fragile controller will need a processor with a very long bit length in implementation to minimise the FWL effects and therefore avoid degrading the designed closed-loop performance or even destabilising the designed stable closed-loop system. However, in many practical systems, such as $ The material in this paper was not presented at any conference. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Masayuki Fujita under the direction of Editor Ian R. Petersen. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 023 8059 666; fax: +44 023 8059 450.E-mail addresses: jwu@iipc.zju.edu.cn (J. Wu), ieligang@zjut.edu.cn (G. Li), sqc@ecs.soton.ac.uk (S. Chen), chuj@iipc.zju.edu.cn (J. Chu).mass-produced electronic consumer goods, fixed-point processors of short word length are preferred because of their advantages in component cost, chip area, operation simplicity and power consumption. Therefore, it is not a practical approach to simply pursue the optimal robustness to plant uncertainty without considering the FWL effects (Franklin, Powell & Workman, 1998;Gevers & Li, 1993;Istepanian & Whidborne, 2001).A suitable robust design approach is maintaining a suboptimal robustness to plant uncertainty while simultaneously making the controller tolerance to FWL implementation as large as possible. Through this design, a robust controller can be obtained which does not require a long word-length hardware for implementation. There exist two types of main FWL errors in digital controller implementation. The first one is the rounding errors that occur in arithmetic operations, and the second one is the parameter representation errors. Typically, the...