Deformities of the hand and wrist with ulnar deficiency

Classification and Developmental Biology of Congenital Anomalies of the Hand and Upper Extremity

“…Several authors have noted the high prevalence (68% to 100%) of hand abnormalities (particularly abnormalities of the thumb) in ulnar longitudinal deficiency 38,[73][74][75][76][77] as well as the fact that the majority of surgical procedures (55% to 75%) are performed for hand and thumb abnormalities 76 as compared with forearm abnormalities. Thus, the need for additional classification of hand abnormalities seems apparent.…”

Type 0 Ulnar Longitudinal Deficiency

“…We primarily searched for and identified ulnar-sided hand abnormalities even though the literature notes a high incidence of radial-sided hand abnormalities in patients with ULD. 1,7,9 It is possible that this study may not have identified additional type 0 ULD patients with radial-sided hand deficiencies because these deficits may not have been identifiable in our search.…”

Combined Congenital Radial and Ulnar Longitudinal Deficiencies: Report of 2 Cases

“…[2][3][4][5]18 ULD is one-third to one-tenth less common than RLD. This anomaly is more common in males (3:2 ratio) and occurs bilaterally in about 25% of affected individuals.…”

“…Furthermore, combined RLD and ULD in the same patient are exceedingly rare and none of the previous reports of this malformation have attempted to link these combined defects with an underlying etiology. [3][4][5] In this report, we present 2 cases with combined right-sided RLD and left-sided ULD and discuss potential etiologic mechanisms.…”