Deformations at Earth’s dayside magnetopause during quasi-radial IMF conditions: Global kinetic simulations and Soft X-ray Imaging

Yang, Zhongwei; Järvinen, R.; Guo, Xiaocheng; Sun, Tianran; Koutroumpa, Dimitra; Parks, G. K.; Huang, Can; Tang, Binbin; Lu, Quanming; Wang, Chi

doi:10.26464/epp2023059

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This emission can be affected by different heavy ion abundances in ejecta (Zhang et al 2022b;Zhou et al 2023), slow and fast solar wind (Whittaker & Sembay 2016). Different local soft X-ray emission in the quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular sheath might arise due to different thermal velocities in both regions (discussed in Sibeck et al 2018) or by jets indenting the magnetopause (Yang et al 2024). Solar wind upstream context and magnetosheath classification is thus highly relevant for observations, e.g., by the upcoming SMILE mission (Branduardi-Raymont & Wang 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Fast Solar Wind on Ion Distribution Downstream of Earth’s Bow Shock

Koller,

Raptis,

Temmer

et al. 2024

ApJL

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The solar wind gets thermalized and compressed when crossing a planetary bow shock, forming the magnetosheath. The angle between the upstream magnetic field and the shock normal vector separates the quasi-parallel from the quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath, significantly influencing the physical conditions in these regions. A reliable classification between both magnetosheath regions is of utmost importance since different phenomena and physical processes take place on each. The complexity of this classification is increased due to the origin and variability of the solar wind. Using measurements from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission and OMNI data between 2008 and 2023, we demonstrate the importance of magnetosheath classification across various solar wind plasma origins. We focus on investigating the ion energy fluxes in the high-energy range for each solar wind type, which typically serves as an indicator for foreshock activity and thus separating the quasi-parallel from quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath. Dividing the data set into different regimes reveals that fast solar wind plasma originating from coronal holes causes exceptionally high-energy ion fluxes even in the quasi-perpendicular environment. This stands in stark contrast to all other solar wind types, highlighting that magnetosheath classification is inherently biased if not all types of solar wind are considered in the classification. Combining knowledge of solar wind origins and structures with shock and magnetosheath research thus contributes to an improved magnetosheath characterization. This is particularly valuable in big-data machine-learning applications within heliophysics, which requires clean and verified data sets for optimal performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Fast Solar Wind on Ion Distribution Downstream of Earth’s Bow Shock

Koller,

Raptis,

Temmer

et al. 2024

ApJL

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“…Figure 7 presents the simulation result for a 3‐D global hybrid model under quasi‐radial IMF conditions, and more details of this simulation run can be found at Yang et al. (2024). This figure clearly shows similar magnetopause deformation as described above.…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 7. Magnetopause deformation from a 3-D global hybrid simulation under quasi-radial IMF condition(Yang et al, 2024). Several upstream IMF field lines are traced.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Magnetopause Deformation Indicated by Fast Cold Ion Motion

Guo,

Tang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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The magnetopause deformation due to the upstream magnetosheath pressure perturbations is important to understand the solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling process, but how to identify such events from in situ spacecraft observations is still challenging. In this study, we investigate magnetopause crossing events with fast‐moving cold ions in the magnetosphere from Magnetospheric Multiscale observations, and find when fast‐moving cold ions are present at the magnetopause, they are closely associated with the magnetopause deformation, which is featured by fast magnetopause motion and significant magnetopause normal deflection from model predictions. Therefore, fast‐moving cold ions can be a useful indicator to search for magnetopause deformation events. By integrating the cold ion speed, the inferred magnetopause deformation amplitude varies from 0.1 to 2.0 RE. Further statistics indicate that such magnetopause deformation events prefer to occur under quasi‐radial interplanetary magnetic field and fast solar wind conditions, suggesting high‐speed magnetosheath jets could be one direct cause of magnetopause deformations.

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“…It is well known that the magnetosheath jets can be formed by the interaction between the upstream waves and the quasi‐parallel bow shock (Hietala et al., 2009; Palmroth et al., 2018; Raptis et al., 2022; Ren et al., 2023; Suni et al., 2021). The magnetosheath jets can drive bow waves inside the magnetosheath (Hietala et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2019; Ren et al., 2024), and impact the magnetopause to trigger localized magnetopause indentation (Shue et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2024), reconnection (Hietala et al., 2018), and magnetopause surface waves (Archer et al., 2019). The magnetosheath jets are more likely to reach the magnetopause when the IMF is quasi‐radial (LaMoury et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honeycomb‐Like Magnetosheath Structure Formed by Jets: Three‐Dimensional Global Hybrid Simulations

Ren,

Guo,

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Magnetosheath jets with enhanced dynamic pressure are common in the Earth's magnetosheath. They can impact the magnetopause, causing deformation of the magnetopause. Here we investigate the 3‐D structure of magnetosheath jets using a realistic‐scale, 3‐D global hybrid simulation. The magnetosheath has an overall honeycomb‐like 3‐D structure, where the magnetosheath jets with increased dynamic pressure surround the regions of decreased dynamic pressure resembling honeycomb cells. The magnetosheath jets downstream of the bow shock region with θBn ≲ 20° (where θBn is the angle between the upstream magnetic field and the shock normal) propagate approximately along the normal direction of the magnetopause, while those downstream of the bow shock region with θBn ≳ 20° propagate almost tangential to the magnetopause. Therefore, some magnetosheath jets formed at the quasi‐parallel shock region can propagate to the magnetosheath downstream of the quasi‐perpendicular shock region.

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Deformations at Earth’s dayside magnetopause during quasi-radial IMF conditions: Global kinetic simulations and Soft X-ray Imaging

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

The Effect of Fast Solar Wind on Ion Distribution Downstream of Earth’s Bow Shock

The Effect of Fast Solar Wind on Ion Distribution Downstream of Earth’s Bow Shock

The Magnetopause Deformation Indicated by Fast Cold Ion Motion

Honeycomb‐Like Magnetosheath Structure Formed by Jets: Three‐Dimensional Global Hybrid Simulations

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