Deformation-induced martensitic transformation in a 201 austenitic steel: The synergy of stacking fault energy and chemical driving force

Moallemi, Mohammad; Kermanpur, A.; Najafizadeh, A.; Rezaee, A.; Baghbadorani, H. Samaei; Nezhadfar, P.D.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.006

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Decreasing SFE in austenitic stainless steels results in wider stacking faults, which are nucleation sites for hcp ε martensite, and which transform to α' martensite with plastic deformation. It is reported that austenite has the potential to transform to strain-induced martensite when the SFE is less than approximately 20 mJ/m 2 [58,59]. Olson and Cohen proposed a thermodynamic model to calculate the SFE for austenitic stainless steels, which is given as [60]:…”

Section: Effect Of Powder Chemistry On Microstructure and Mechanical mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chemistry on martensitic phase transformation kinetics and resulting properties of additively manufactured stainless steel

Wang

Beese

2017

Acta Materialia

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Here we investigate the effect of chemistry, including initial powder chemistry and spatial chemical variations due to vaporization during fabrication, on strain-induced martensitic phase transformation in 304L stainless steel components fabricated by directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing (AM). The austenite stability was altered by mixing pre-alloyed 304L stainless steel powder with Fe powder, which promoted martensitic phase transformation and resulted in an increase in ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure over pure 304L walls deposited by DED AM. The chemical composition variation with position, due to spatial variations in thermal history, was quantified, showing that austenite stabilizing elements Cr, Mn, and Ni were preferentially vaporized during deposition. We present a martensitic transformation kinetics equation that describes the evolution of martensite volume fraction with respect to plastic strain as a function of chemistry. This allows for the prediction of strain-induced martensite evolution as a function of strain, nominal chemistry, and heterogeneous chemistry due to vaporization within additively manufactured components.

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Section: Effect Of Powder Chemistry On Microstructure and Mechanical mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chemistry on martensitic phase transformation kinetics and resulting properties of additively manufactured stainless steel

Wang

Beese

2017

Acta Materialia

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“…[1,9,11] The martensite phase is not stable at elevated temperatures and its reversion to fine-grained austenite can occur by annealing at elevated temperatures. [1,16] While the reversion process has received a considerable attention in recent years for enhancement of mechanical properties, [1,[17][18][19][20][21][22] much more works are required on this subject to identify the different stages of microstructural evolution to enable its control during thermomechanical treatment. Moreover, it has been reported that for obtaining a marked grain refinement, [1,11] the availability of great amounts of martensite before reversion might be required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Evolutions During Annealing of Plastically Deformed AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel: Martensite Reversion, Grain Refinement, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth

Naghizadeh

Mirzadeh

2016

Metall Mater Trans A

103

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MEYSAM NAGHIZADEH and HAMED MIRZADEHMicrostructural evolutions during annealing of a plastically deformed AISI 304 stainless steel were investigated. Three distinct stages were identified for the reversion of strain-induced martensite to austenite, which were followed by the recrystallization of the retained austenite phase and overall grain growth. It was shown that the primary recrystallization of the retained austenite postpones the formation of an equiaxed microstructure, which coincides with the coarsening of the very fine reversed grains. The latter can effectively impair the usefulness of this thermomechanical treatment for grain refinement at both high and low annealing temperatures. The final grain growth stage, however, was found to be significant at high annealing temperatures, which makes it difficult to control the reversion annealing process for enhancement of mechanical properties. Conclusively, this work unravels the important microstructural evolution stages during reversion annealing and can shed light on the requirements and limitations of this efficient grain refining approach.

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“…The measurements were obtained at the locations of the corresponding ∆K values of around 10, 15, and 20 MPa √ m. The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) was employed as the parameter for evaluating the irregularity of the FSR, which is defined as the integral of the absolute value of the roughness profile in the height direction. The degrees of strain-induced α -martensite transformation on the fracture surfaces of various specimens were detected by FMP30 ferrite scope (Helmut Fischer, Sindelfingen, Germany), which measures the magnetic permeability of the specimen in a specific volume [42][43][44][45]. Measurements on the fracture surface were taken along the centerline at the location corresponding to its ∆K from 10 to 20 MPa √ m.…”

Section: Roughness Measurement and Martensite Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior and Fracture Surface Roughness on Cold-Rolled Austenitic Stainless Steels in Gaseous Hydrogen

Chen

Tsay

et al. 2018

Metals

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Austenitic stainless steels are often considered candidate materials for use in hydrogencontaining environments because of their low hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. In this study, the fatigue crack growth behavior of the solution-annealed and cold-rolled 301, 304L, and 310S austenitic stainless steels was characterized in 0.2 MPa gaseous hydrogen to evaluate the hydrogenassisted fatigue crack growth and correlate the fatigue crack growth rates with the fracture feature or fracture surface roughness. Regardless of the testing conditions, higher fracture surface roughness could be obtained in a higher stress intensity factor (∆K) range and for the counterpart cold-rolled specimen in hydrogen. The accelerated fatigue crack growth of 301 and 304L in hydrogen was accompanied by high fracture surface roughness and was associated with strain-induced martensitic transformation in the plastic zone ahead of the fatigue crack tip.

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Deformation-induced martensitic transformation in a 201 austenitic steel: The synergy of stacking fault energy and chemical driving force

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of chemistry on martensitic phase transformation kinetics and resulting properties of additively manufactured stainless steel

Effect of chemistry on martensitic phase transformation kinetics and resulting properties of additively manufactured stainless steel

Microstructural Evolutions During Annealing of Plastically Deformed AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel: Martensite Reversion, Grain Refinement, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth

Correlation between Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior and Fracture Surface Roughness on Cold-Rolled Austenitic Stainless Steels in Gaseous Hydrogen

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