“…BPNN is divided into the input, hidden, and output layers. e BP learning algorithm mainly uses signal forward propagation and error backpropagation [18]. e two propagation processes are specified in Figure 2.…”
With the continuous development of digital technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), the teaching methods for architecture major in higher vocational colleges have also undergone major changes. New technologies and instruction methods in Engineering Cost Budgeting teaching can stimulate students’ learning interest and improve education quality and students’ comprehensive learning ability. In order to improve the teaching level of engineering cost budgeting major and stimulate students’ interest in learning, this work first introduces backpropagation neural network (BPNN) into engineering cost estimation (ECE). Then, the BPNN-based ECE model is trained by the sample data to estimate the project’s total quotation and comprehensive unit price. The error between the real and predicted values is analyzed. Second, the building information modeling (BIM) technology and virtual reality (VR) technologies are integrated into teaching engineering cost budgeting. The investigation, research, and analysis are conducted before and after applying BIM and VR technology in practical teaching. The results show that the proposed BPNN-based ECE model-estimated total quotation and comprehensive unit price fit well the sample values. The BPNN-based ECE model can be applied to teaching engineering cost budgeting. It can improve the calculation accuracy, and the relative error can be controlled within a certain range and has a certain potential to replace manual budgeting. It can provide some reference for the research of engineering cost technology. Classroom teaching under the integration of BIM and VR technologies can improve the students’ homework quality, academic performance, and teaching quality to a certain extent. Integrating BIM and VR technology in classroom teaching can enhance students’ communication, cooperation ability, oral defense scores, comprehensive scores, and professional skills.
“…BPNN is divided into the input, hidden, and output layers. e BP learning algorithm mainly uses signal forward propagation and error backpropagation [18]. e two propagation processes are specified in Figure 2.…”
With the continuous development of digital technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), the teaching methods for architecture major in higher vocational colleges have also undergone major changes. New technologies and instruction methods in Engineering Cost Budgeting teaching can stimulate students’ learning interest and improve education quality and students’ comprehensive learning ability. In order to improve the teaching level of engineering cost budgeting major and stimulate students’ interest in learning, this work first introduces backpropagation neural network (BPNN) into engineering cost estimation (ECE). Then, the BPNN-based ECE model is trained by the sample data to estimate the project’s total quotation and comprehensive unit price. The error between the real and predicted values is analyzed. Second, the building information modeling (BIM) technology and virtual reality (VR) technologies are integrated into teaching engineering cost budgeting. The investigation, research, and analysis are conducted before and after applying BIM and VR technology in practical teaching. The results show that the proposed BPNN-based ECE model-estimated total quotation and comprehensive unit price fit well the sample values. The BPNN-based ECE model can be applied to teaching engineering cost budgeting. It can improve the calculation accuracy, and the relative error can be controlled within a certain range and has a certain potential to replace manual budgeting. It can provide some reference for the research of engineering cost technology. Classroom teaching under the integration of BIM and VR technologies can improve the students’ homework quality, academic performance, and teaching quality to a certain extent. Integrating BIM and VR technology in classroom teaching can enhance students’ communication, cooperation ability, oral defense scores, comprehensive scores, and professional skills.
“…BP network has strong local optimization seeking ability, but is easily influenced by the initial weights and thresholds and therefore falls into local optimality, resulting in poor recognition accuracy and stability of the model. Therefore, SSA [35][36][37] is used to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of BP neural network to improve the prediction accuracy of the model, compared with other optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA) [38], whale optimization algorithm (WOA) [39] and particle swarm optimization (PSO) [40], this algorithm outperforms GA, WOA and PSO in terms of accuracy, convergence speed, stability and robustness.…”
Section: Classification and Identification Of Mixed Gases Based On Pc...mentioning
In this paper, pure "Sn" "O" _2, "Cu/Sn" "O" _2, ZnO and Cu/ZnO gas sensitive materials were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction and used to prepare a gas sensor array. The morphological structure and composition of the synthesized materials were characterized using SEM and XRD, respectively. The sensor array was combined with the BP neural network algorithm optimized by the Sparrow Search algorithm (SSA-BPNN) and applied to effectively identify the types of mixed toxic gases in the room, including formaldehyde, ammonia and xylene. The combination of sensor array with optimized neural network algorithms achieved a good classification result for gas mixture and the classification accuracy can reach 93.45% for different classes of mixtures composed of three gases (formaldehyde, ammonia, and xylene). Therefore, the sensor array combined with the SSA-BP algorithm in this study has done a good work in the qualitative identification of ternary gas mixtures and has some application potential.
“…It has the advantages of higher accuracy, strong global optimization ability and fast convergence speed. [55][56][57] Sparrow populations can be divided into discoverers and followers. The finder has a strong search ability and is responsible for finding food for the sparrow population.…”
Section: Ssa Optimized Bp Neural Networkmentioning
Gas sensor arrays have been prepared using tin oxide gas sensing materials synthesized by biotemplate method and hydrothermal reaction, combined with neural network algorithms to predict the concentration of gas mixtures.
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