Deformation characteristics of co-seismic surface ruptures produced by the 1850 M 7.5 Xichang earthquake on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Ren, Zhikun; Lin, Aiming

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.12.008

Cited by 25 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The offsets first increase and then decrease from west to east, and the slip distribution forms an asymmetrical pattern. The pattern of LLLF is similar with those of some other faults, such as the Denali fault and Zemuhe fault (Eberhart‐Phillips et al, 2003; Ren & Lin, 2010).…”

Section: Surface Rupturessupporting

confidence: 72%

A New Tectonic Model for the 1927M8.0 Gulang Earthquake on the NE Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2020

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The rupture patterns of large earthquakes in transpressional systems can provide important information for understanding oblique motion and strain partitioning between tectonic blocks. The 1927 M8.0 Gulang earthquake occurred on the transpressional boundary between the Tibetan and Gobi-Alashan blocks. Our results, combined with those of previous studies show that the Lenglongling fault (LLLF) and Southern Wuwei Basin fault (SWBF) have both ruptured during the Gulang earthquake, but they exhibited different motions. An~120-km-long surface rupture zone formed along the LLLF, with a left-lateral strike-slip motion and a coseismic horizontal offset of~2.4-7.5 m. Bending, bifurcation, and change of the slip sense occurs at both ends of the fault. An~42-km-long rupture zone formed along the SWBF, with a coseismic vertical offset of~0.6-2.8 m. Thus, the Gulang earthquake is a complex rupture event where strike-slip and thrust faults ruptured simultaneously. Analysis of deep and shallow structures and three-dimensional finite-element modeling reveal that the north dipping LLLF and the SWBF may converge downward to a low-angle décollement, accommodating the strike-slip and thrust motions during the earthquake, respectively. This pattern of deformation partitioning is similar to some other earthquakes where oblique block convergence is generally partitioned into strike-slip motion on steeply dipping faults and vertical motion on gently dipping faults. Our study also suggests that the strain partitioning pattern in the NE Tibetan Plateau may be controlled by changes of the regional principal compressive stress directions and fault geometry at depth. However, the length of the rupture zone on the HSF is not consistent with the magnitude of the earthquake and damage distribution (Figure 1; Gu, 1983). Ai et al. (2017) mapped the Southern Wuwei Basin fault ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

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Section: Surface Rupturessupporting

confidence: 72%

A New Tectonic Model for the 1927M8.0 Gulang Earthquake on the NE Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2020

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“…Such single-event slip variations have been observed for many recent and historical earthquakes (Lin et al, 2001(Lin et al, , 2009Rockwell et al, 2002;Haeussler et al, 2004;Xu et al, 2009;Liu-Zeng et al, 2009;Ren and Lin, 2010;Ren, 2013). The single-event slip distribution is reported to be related to various factors, such as fault zone conditions, earthquake rupture history (stress perturbations due to previous slip events), and irregularities in the fault geometry (Bürgmann et al, 1994).…”

Section: Single-event Slip Variation Along the Faultmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clustering of offsets on the Haiyuan fault and their relationship to paleoearthquakes

Ren

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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129

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We used airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data to reevaluate the singleevent offsets of the 1920 Haiyuan Ms 8.5 earthquake and the cumulative offsets along the western and middle segments of the coseismic surface rupture zone. Our LiDAR data indicate that the offset observations along both the western and middle segments fall into groups. The group with the minimum slip amount is associated with the 1920 Haiyuan Ms 8.5 earthquake, which ruptured both the western and middle segments. Our research highlights two new interpretations: First, the previously reported maximum displacement of the 1920 earthquake was likely due to at least two earthquakes; second, our results reveal that the cumulative offset probability density (COPD) peaks of the same offset amounts on the western and middle segments do not correspond to one another one-to-one. We suggest that any discussion of the rupture pattern of a certain fault based on the offset data should also consider fault segmentation and paleoseismological data. Therefore, the COPD peaks should be computed and analyzed on fault subsections and not entire fault zones to study the number of paleoearthquakes and their rupture patterns.

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“…Previous studies also confirm coseismic ground deformation caused by this event (Zhou, He, Huang, et al, 2001). Considering that the degree of preservation of coseismic surface ruptures is generally influenced by surface processes, vegetation, climate, human activity, and other factors, we have adopted the following approach, partly following Ren and Lin (2010) 3. Vertical offsets were measured along profiles across scarps located on alluvial fans or relatively flat ground surfaces to reduce errors related to apparent scarps caused by scissor structures (Yeats, Sieh, & Allen, 1997).…”

Section: Preservation Of Coseismic Surface Rupturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, accurate estimates of magnitudes and rupture areas are essential to validate and correct these studies. Field investigations have been carried out to map the surface ruptures and displacements of some of the largest historical earthquakes along the XXFS, based on historic records of damaged areas (Chen, Min, Song, Jiao, & Xu, 2011;Ren, 2013;Ren & Lin, 2010;H. Wang, Ran, Li, Gomez, & Chen, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and magnitude re‐evaluation of the 1955 Zheduotang earthquake, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

et al. 2019

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Rupture lengths and displacements of historical earthquakes are significant components of the accurate magnitude estimates required for understanding fault behaviour and earthquake recurrence patterns. Along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 36 large historical earthquakes have been recorded during the past~700 years, many of which still require detailed investigation. In this study, we reinvestigated the coseismic surface rupture produced by the 1955 M 7.5 Zheduotang earthquake. The Zheduotang Fault, which is the source fault of the 1955 event, is one of the main faults of the central Xianshuihe fault zone, with a left-lateral strike-slip rate of 3.4 mm/year according to our measurements and the ages of offset terraces. High-resolution Google Earth images and field observations reveal that the surface ruptures of this earthquake were characterized by leftlateral offsets of gullies, animal paths, alluvial terraces, and fans. The coseismic surface rupture length caused by the 1955 earthquake could be up to~43 km, with mainly horizontal displacements of 0.6-1.7 m. Based on empirical relationships between magnitude and coseismic surface rupture length for large earthquakes, the magnitude of the 1955 Zheduotang earthquake is re-evaluated to be M W 7.0. Our study demonstrates the necessity of re-evaluating previous magnitude estimates of historical earthquakes in western China.

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Deformation characteristics of co-seismic surface ruptures produced by the 1850 M 7.5 Xichang earthquake on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

A New Tectonic Model for the 1927M8.0 Gulang Earthquake on the NE Tibetan Plateau

A New Tectonic Model for the 1927M8.0 Gulang Earthquake on the NE Tibetan Plateau

Clustering of offsets on the Haiyuan fault and their relationship to paleoearthquakes

Investigation and magnitude re‐evaluation of the 1955 Zheduotang earthquake, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

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