Deformation and seismic precursors to dome-collapse and fountain-collapse nuées ardentes at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia, 1994–1998

Voight, B.; Young, Kirby D.; Hidayat, D.; Subandrio,; Purbawinata, M. A.; Ratdomopurbo, Antonius; Suharna,; Panut,; Sayudi, Dewi Sri; LaHusen, Richard G.; Marso, J. N.; Murray, Thomas L.; Dejean, M; Iguchi, Masato; Ishihara, Kumatoshi

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(00)00140-2

Cited by 80 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some pyroclastic surges can develop in unexpected ways, such as the pyroclastic flow and surge event of 22 November 2004 at Merapi (Voight et al 2000b;Abdurachman et al 2000), and the dome collapse of 25 June 1997 on Montserrat ( Fig. 3a; Loughlin et al 2002a, b).…”

Section: Pyroclastic Surgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective rapid delineation of areas at risk from block-and-ash pyroclastic flows and surges

et al. 2008

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Assessments of pyroclastic flow (PF) hazards are commonly based on mapping of PF and surge deposits and estimations of inundation limits, and/or computer models of varying degrees of sophistication. In volcanic crises a PF hazard map may be sorely needed, but limited time, exposures, or safety aspects may preclude fieldwork, and insufficient time or baseline data may be available for reliable dynamic simulations. We have developed a statistically constrained simulation model for block-and-ash type PFs to estimate potential areas of inundation by adapting methodology from Iverson et al. (Geol Soc America Bull 110:972-984, 1998) for lahars. The predictive equations for block-and-ash PFs are calibrated with data from several volcanoes and given by A=(0.05 to 0.1)V 2/3 , B=(35 to 40)V 2/3 , where A is cross-sectional area of inundation, B is planimetric area and V is deposit volume. The proportionality coefficients were obtained from regression analyses and comparison of simulations to mapped deposits. The method embeds the predictive equations in a GIS program coupled with DEM topography, using the LAHARZ program of Schilling (1998). Although the method is objective and reproducible, any PF hazard zone so computed should be considered as an approximate guide only, due to uncertainties on the coefficients applicable to individual PFs, the authenticity of DEM details, and the volume of future collapses. The statistical uncertainty of the predictive equations, which imply a factor of two or more in predicting A or B for a specified V, is superposed on the uncertainty of forecasting V for the next PF to descend a particular valley. Multiple inundation zones, produced by simulations using a selected range of volumes, partly accommodate these uncertainties. The resulting maps show graphically that PF inundation potentials are highest nearest volcano sources and along valley thalwegs, and diminish with distance from source and lateral distance from thalweg. The model does not explicitly consider dynamic behavior, which can be important. Ash-cloud surge impact limits must be extended beyond PF hazard zones and we provide several approaches to do this. The method has been used to supply PF and surge hazard maps in two crises: Merapi 2006; and Montserrat 2006-2007.

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Section: Pyroclastic Surgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective rapid delineation of areas at risk from block-and-ash pyroclastic flows and surges

et al. 2008

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“…Because of their sudden and often unpredictable occurrences, they represent an important natural hazard. RFs are mainly controlled by different external factors, such as climate (D'Amato et al, ; Delonca et al, ; Dietze, Mohadjer, et al, ; Helmstetter & Garambois, ; Krautblatter et al, ), seismicity (Keefer, ; Lin et al, ; Tatard et al, ), and volcanic activity (Calder et al, ; Hibert, Mangeney, et al, ; Voight et al, ). However, the influence of these factors and the way they trigger RFs are not yet well understood (D'Amato et al, ; Dietze, Turowski, et al, ; Hibert, Mangeney, et al, ; Stock et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Link Between External Forcings and Slope Instabilities in the Piton de la Fournaise Summit Crater, Reunion Island

et al. 2018

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We have analyzed the impact of different forcings, such as rain and seismicity, on slope instabilites on an active volcano. For this, we compiled a catalog of the locations and volumes of rockfalls in the Piton de la Fournaise crater using seismic records. We validated it by comparing the locations and volumes to those deduced from photogrammetric data. We analyzed 10,477 rockfalls, spanning the period 2014 to 2016. This period corresponds to the renewal of volcanic activity after a 41‐month rest. Our analysis reveals that renewed eruptive activity has unsettled the crater edges. External forcings such as rain and seismicity are shown to potentially increase the number and the volume of rockfalls, with a stronger impact on the volume. Preeruptive seismicity seems to be the main triggering factor for the largest volumes, with a delay of one to several days. Rain alone does not seem to trigger especially large rockfalls. We infer that repetitive vibrations from the many seismic events, combined with the action of rain, induce crack (or slip) growth in highly fractured (or granular) materials, leading to the collapse of large volumes. Regarding their spatial distribution before an eruption, the largest rockfalls seem to migrate toward the location of magma extrusion.

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“…An alternate interpretation may be that these features are pyroclastic avalanches or other edifice collapse‐related, long run‐out debris deposits, such as are occasionally associated with terrestrial lava domes [e.g., Behncke et al , 2003; Voight et al , 2000; Miyabuchi , 1999]. A qualitative interpretation of apparent thermal inertias of the possible flow body and domical structure core in Figure 16e suggests, however, that the flow area does not consist of material more disaggregated that that of the core and is therefore, in this example at least, not likely to be a debris or (unwelded) pyroclastic flow.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity and emplacement of domical structures in the western Arcadia Planitia, Mars

Rampey¹,

Milam²,

McSween³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Morphologic, morphometric, and thermophysical aspects of domical structures in a restricted part of the Mars northern plains were characterized using Mars Odyssey and Mars Global Surveyor data. The majority of domical structures consist of relatively high thermal inertia, subcircular to irregularly shaped ''core' bodies surrounded by adjacent, relatively low-albedo, low thermal inertia ''annuli,'' and dispersed aureoles of apparently disaggregated material. Core profiles vary considerably from low to high aspect ratios. Elongate ''arms'' of material extend from the central, summit regions in some of the structures. Core features include apparent blocky surface texture, summit fissures and pits, apparent summit and flank ruptures suggestive of ''eruption'' of material, and concentric and straight summit ridges. Core heights range from $30 to 400 m, mean = 160 m, diameters range from $620 to 3090 m, mean = 1550 m, aspect ratios range from 0.02 to 0.36, mean = 0.11, and volumes range from $0.1 to $1.8 km 3 . An additional morphologic type consists of subcircular, domical mounds that are apparently covered by plains materials. We propose that the majority of the structures are partially extrusive cryptodomes and lava domes, whereas the mounds are entirely intrusive cryptodomes.

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Deformation and seismic precursors to dome-collapse and fountain-collapse nuées ardentes at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia, 1994–1998

Cited by 80 publications

References 10 publications

Objective rapid delineation of areas at risk from block-and-ash pyroclastic flows and surges

Objective rapid delineation of areas at risk from block-and-ash pyroclastic flows and surges

On the Link Between External Forcings and Slope Instabilities in the Piton de la Fournaise Summit Crater, Reunion Island

Identity and emplacement of domical structures in the western Arcadia Planitia, Mars

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