Deforestation and Malaria in Mâncio Lima County, Brazil

Olson, Sarah H.; Gangnon, Ronald E.; Silveira, Guilherme Abbad; Patz, Jonathan A.

doi:10.3201/eid1607.091785

Cited by 137 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Thus, shifts in the communities of nonpathogenic vector‐associated microbes in response to ecological changes and distribution of vectors could affect the distribution of pathogens across human‐modified landscapes. The relationship between increased threats to human health via infectious microbes and land‐use change and/or biodiversity loss has been reported in several systems, linked to urbanization, agricultural intensification, and deforestation (McFarlane, Sleigh, & McMichael, 2013; Olson, Gangnon, Silveira, & Patz, 2010; Vitter et al., 2006; Wilcox & Colwell, 2005). Our results highlight the importance of subsequent investigation to determine how symbiotic microbial diversity of mosquito vectors responds to habitat change and the implications for human health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito vector‐associated microbiota: Metabarcoding bacteria and eukaryotic symbionts across habitat types in Thailand endemic for dengue and other arthropod‐borne diseases

Thongsripong

Chandler

Green

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

108

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Vector‐borne diseases are a major health burden, yet factors affecting their spread are only partially understood. For example, microbial symbionts can impact mosquito reproduction, survival, and vectorial capacity, and hence affect disease transmission. Nonetheless, current knowledge of mosquito‐associated microbial communities is limited. To characterize the bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities of multiple vector species collected from different habitat types in disease endemic areas, we employed next‐generation 454 pyrosequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA amplicon libraries, also known as metabarcoding. We investigated pooled whole adult mosquitoes of three medically important vectors, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, collected from different habitats across central Thailand where we previously characterized mosquito diversity. Our results indicate that diversity within the mosquito microbiota is low, with the majority of microbes assigned to one or a few taxa. Two of the most common eukaryotic and bacterial genera recovered (Ascogregarina and Wolbachia, respectively) are known mosquito endosymbionts with potentially parasitic and long evolutionary relationships with their hosts. Patterns of microbial composition and diversity appeared to differ by both vector species and habitat for a given species, although high variability between samples suggests a strong stochastic element to microbiota assembly. In general, our findings suggest that multiple factors, such as habitat condition and mosquito species identity, may influence overall microbial community composition, and thus provide a basis for further investigations into the interactions between vectors, their microbial communities, and human‐impacted landscapes that may ultimately affect vector‐borne disease risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito vector‐associated microbiota: Metabarcoding bacteria and eukaryotic symbionts across habitat types in Thailand endemic for dengue and other arthropod‐borne diseases

Thongsripong

Chandler

Green

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

108

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“…Several authors have underscored that fish farming is another economic activity that can potentially affect vector proliferation and consequently increase malaria transmission (Costa et al, 2010;Olson et al, 2010;Braz et al, 2012;Valle and Lima, 2014). In 2005, State Government agencies excavated the land to build water reservoirs in a number of municipalities in the micro-region of Cruzeiro do Sul.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This episode is believed to be closely related to the major epidemic of malaria in the region in 2006. In addition, in that same year, there were approximately 430 ha of fish farming ponds solely in Mâncio Lima (Olson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of malaria in the state of Acre, western Amazon, Brazil

Melchior

Neto

2016

Geospat Health

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Since 2005, the State of Acre, western Amazon, Brazil, has reported the highest annual parasite incidence (API) of malaria among the Brazilian states. This study examines malaria incidence in Acre using spatial and spatio-temporal analysis based on an ecological time series study analyzing malaria cases and deaths for the time period 1992-2014 and using secondary data. API indexes were calculated by age, sex, parasite species, ratio of Plasmodium vivax to P. falciparum malaria, malaria mortality rate and case fatality rate. SaTScan was used to detect spatial and spatio-temporal clusters of malaria cases and data were represented in the form of choropleth maps. A high-risk cluster of malaria was detected in Vale do Juruá and three low-risk clusters in Vale do Acre for both parasite species. Those younger than 19 years of age and females showed a high incidence of malaria in Vale do Juruá, but working-age males were the most affected in Vale do Acre. The malaria mortality rate showed a decreasing trend across the state, while the case fatality rate increased only in the micro-region of Rio Branco during the study period. We conclude that malaria is a focal disease in Acre showing different spatial and spatio-temporal patterns of cases and deaths that vary by age, sex, and parasite species. Malaria incidence is thought to be influenced by factors related to regional characteristics; therefore, appropriate disease and vector control strategies must be implemented at each locality.

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“…They also increase exposure to other vector-borne diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality including Rift Valley fever, filariasis, leishmaniasis, dracunculosis, onchocerciasis, and Japanese encephalitis (13)(14)(15)(16). Deforestation increases exposure to malaria in Africa (17)(18)(19)(20)(21) and South America (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) but has less predictable impacts in Asia (27)(28)(29)(30)(31) where there are many more Anopheles vectors with less generalizable responses to reduced forest cover. In parts of Africa, forest cutting also alters the composition and density of aquatic snail species in a manner that favors transmission of schistosomiasis (32).…”

Section: Highlights Of the Recent Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Human health impacts of ecosystem alteration

Myers

Gaffikin²,

Golden

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

356

248

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Human activity is rapidly transforming most of Earth's natural systems. How this transformation is impacting human health, whose health is at greatest risk, and the magnitude of the associated disease burden are relatively new subjects within the field of environmental health. We discuss what is known about the human health implications of changes in the structure and function of natural systems and propose that these changes are affecting human health in a variety of important ways. We identify several gaps and limitations in the research that has been done to date and propose a more systematic and comprehensive approach to applied research in this field. Such efforts could lead to a more robust understanding of the human health impacts of accelerating environmental change and inform decision making in the land-use planning, environmental conservation, and public health policy realms.At least since Hippocrates wrote On Airs, Waters, and Places, the natural environment has been viewed as an important determinant of human health. However, over the last century, the field of environmental health has focused increasingly on quantifying exposure-response relationships for toxins encountered in the human-dominated environment: from an initial focus on workplace exposures, to a population-level focus on radiation, heavy metals, air and water pollution, and more recently, to exposure to endocrinedisrupting chemicals. Over this period, relatively little attention has been paid to how changes in the structure and function of Earth's natural systems might affect human health. Growing evidence that changes in these natural systems can affect human health in a variety of important ways and the increasing pace and extent of these changes has prompted this Perspective. In it, we review current understanding of this field, identify some of its gaps and limitations, and suggest an approach to expanding our understanding.Human activity is transforming nearly all of Earth's natural systems. With the human population now exceeding 7 billion people and rapid growth in per capita consumption of goods and services, humanity's growing ecological footprint is altering the planet's land cover, rivers and oceans, climate system, biogeochemical cycles, and the

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Deforestation and Malaria in Mâncio Lima County, Brazil

Abstract: Deforestation is associated with elevated risk for malaria in the Amazon.

Cited by 137 publications

References 19 publications

Mosquito vector‐associated microbiota: Metabarcoding bacteria and eukaryotic symbionts across habitat types in Thailand endemic for dengue and other arthropod‐borne diseases

Mosquito vector‐associated microbiota: Metabarcoding bacteria and eukaryotic symbionts across habitat types in Thailand endemic for dengue and other arthropod‐borne diseases

Spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of malaria in the state of Acre, western Amazon, Brazil

Human health impacts of ecosystem alteration

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