Defoliation effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant growth of two native bunchgrasses and an invasive forb

Walling, Sara Z.; Zabinski, Catherine A.

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.02.017

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Some plants may be ineffective in obtaining resources from a fungal partner, though they still may lose carbon to them (Borowicz andFitter 1990, Walling andZabinski 2006). Our results partially support the assumptions (Tuomi et al 2001, Gange et al 2002, Walling and Zabinski 2006) that mycorrhiza will be more of a cost than a benefit, when the loss of photosynthesizing biomass reduces carbon flow to roots.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…It seems that maintaining high mycorrhizal colonization with abundant intercellular coils, resulting even in exceptional swellings of colonized root parts, is very expensive to gentians (i.e., Gange et al 2002;Walling and Zabinski 2006). This is the case especially after herbivory, at least this far north, because the plant cannot utilize the resources stored in the mycorrhizal partner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do compensatory shoot growth and mycorrhizal symbionts act as competing above- and below-ground sinks after simulated grazing?

et al. 2010

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Since mycorrhizal symbionts are dependent on host carbon availability, shading and grazing of the host plant often decrease mycorrhizal colonization in host roots. We conducted field experiments on an intensively mycorrhizal host, Autumn gentian, Gentianella amarella to investigate the effects of neighbor removal and simulated grazing on host growth and reproduction as well as mycorrhizal colonization. In the neighbor removal experiment, we manually removed the above-ground parts of companion plants of gentians. Reduced competition tended to improve the performance of both the host and the symbionts. Total fungal as well as arbuscular, hyphal, and coiled hyphal colonizations were higher in gentians with neighbors removed. Simulated grazing (clipping off 50% of shoot height) reduced host shoot and seed biomass, whereas the responses of the root symbionts were most often positive or neutral. In the first experiment (with late-flowering plants), clipping increased arbuscular, hyphal, and total colonizations but decreased dark septate endophyte colonization.In the second experiment (with both early-and late-flowering plants), clipping did not affect total mycorrhizal colonization. Higher arbuscular, hyphal, and total colonizations were found in late-flowering gentians compared to early-flowering ones. Earlyflowering plants, on the other hand, tolerated simulated grazing better compared to late-flowering plants, which may indicate a higher cost of the symbionts for the late-flowering plants. Above-ground herbivory tends to increase carbon limitation, and under these conditions, regrowing shoots and the fungal symbionts may appear as alternative, competing sinks for the host's limited carbon reserves.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do compensatory shoot growth and mycorrhizal symbionts act as competing above- and below-ground sinks after simulated grazing?

et al. 2010

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“…Arbuscular mycorrhizas may not always confer benefits to their host species but may also reduce their competitive abilities due to high carbon costs (Walling & Zabinski, 2006). A negative mycorrhizal feedback on plant growth can be attributed to asymmetries in the delivery of benefit between plants and AM species (Bever, 2002) and this may result in community dynamics where competing plant species can coexist.…”

Section: Negative Feedback Between Am Fungi and Invasive Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Drivers or Passengers of Alien Plant Invasion

Shah

Reshi

Khasa³

2009

Bot. Rev.

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Observational and manipulative studies have revealed that alien plant invasions are an outcome of interplay between a myriad of biotic and abiotic factors operating at various spatio-temporal stages and scales. Despite the salient role of ubiquitous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in plant interactions, studies exploring the role of such symbionts in invasiveness of alien species and invasibility of communities are limited, in part because of difficult-culturablilty of AM fungi on artificial media and apparent complexities in manipulations of AM-plant interactions in field and laboratory experiments. Moreover, analysis of the AM-plant invasion studies conducted so far have yielded contradictory results with some indicating facilitation of invasion by AM fungi and others its inhibition. Other studies have indicated that arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis has no effect on invasiveness of alien plants. While arbuscular mycorrhizas may facilitate invasiveness of some alien plants, such plants may also potentially impact mycorrhizal community structure and functions in the invaded habitats in different ways. The present review addresses these paradoxically conflicting observations in the context of mutualismcommensalism-parasitism gradient that characterizes the relationship between AM fungi and their alien vs. native hosts and also discusses the influence of alien invasive plants on mycorrhizal community structure of invaded ecosystems. Through critical analysis of costs and benefits for invasive plants that associate with AM fungi in their introduced range, invasion-induced shifts in AM mutualism are evaluated in the context of their impact on native biodiversity. Underlining limitations of methodologies and experimental designs usually employed to understand AM-mediated plant invasiveness, we proposes herein some alternative frameworks and experimental approaches to overcome these limitations.

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“…Intensive mycorrhizal colonization, like in gentians, is apparently very expensive for plants to maintain (Gange et al, 2002;Walling and Zabinski, 2006). Carbon demands of the fungal symbionts may thus also result in a low capacity for compensation growth after grazing (Wamberg et al, 2003).…”

Section: Interplay Between Simulated Herbivory Symbionts and Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing tolerance and mycorrhizal colonization: Effects of resource manipulation and plant size in biennial Gentianella campestris

Piippo

Huhta

Rautio

et al. 2011

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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Defoliation effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant growth of two native bunchgrasses and an invasive forb

Cited by 44 publications

References 39 publications

Do compensatory shoot growth and mycorrhizal symbionts act as competing above- and below-ground sinks after simulated grazing?

Do compensatory shoot growth and mycorrhizal symbionts act as competing above- and below-ground sinks after simulated grazing?

Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Drivers or Passengers of Alien Plant Invasion

Grazing tolerance and mycorrhizal colonization: Effects of resource manipulation and plant size in biennial Gentianella campestris

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