Defluorination of Polytetrafluoroethylene Surface by Hydrogen Plasma

Vesel, Alenka; Lojen, Dane; Zaplotnik, Rok; Primc, Gregor; Mozetič, Miran; Ekar, Jernej; Kovač, Janez; Gorjanc, Marija; Kurečič, Manja; Stana‐Kleinschek, Karin

doi:10.3390/polym12122855

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[7] For this, various types of plasma discharges such as plasma-produced ion beam, [8,9] plasma jet, [10,11] capacitively coupled plasma (CCP), [12][13][14] inductively coupled plasma, [15] microwave plasma, [16] and so forth, were studied thoroughly. Different types of inert, as well as reactive gases like Ar, [9,[13][14][15] O 2 , [10,[16][17][18] Ar + O 2 , [8,19] He, [20] Air, [21] CF 4 , [22] and so forth, were introduced to physically and/or chemically modify the surface, eventually leading to the hydrophilic or superhydrophobic surface. For instance, Kolská et al [17] used Ar CCP to modify the surface property of 25-µm-thin PTFE foils and found that the surface became superhydrophilic (WCA = 4°) after a treatment time of 600 s. A similar reduction in the contact angle after plasma treatment was observed by Carbone et al [16] while using atmospheric pressure Ar plasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though PTFE is chemically inert, when exposed to the various gaseous plasma, apart from the morphological changes, severe chemical composition changes are also taken place on the surface. Depending upon the feed gas, several chemical changes such as defluorination, [19,20] chain scission, [21] crosslinking, [22][23][24][25] and post-plasma auto-oxidation [26] are reported by various research groups. For instance, Vesel et al [20] studied the defluorination of PTFE using hydrogen plasma and found that the F/C ratio decreased from 2.0 to 0.2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending upon the feed gas, several chemical changes such as defluorination, [19,20] chain scission, [21] crosslinking, [22][23][24][25] and post-plasma auto-oxidation [26] are reported by various research groups. For instance, Vesel et al [20] studied the defluorination of PTFE using hydrogen plasma and found that the F/C ratio decreased from 2.0 to 0.2. Schonhorn et al [23] treated PTFE with Ar plasma which resulted in a crosslinked polymer surface layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and hydrophilic transitions of Ar plasma‐nanostructured PTFE surfaces

Pachchigar

Gaur

Amrutha

et al. 2022

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Production of superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by Ar plasma etching is challenging as it leads to defluorination, resulting in a hydrophilic surface. The effect of radiofrequency power, treatment time, impurity, and surface temperature on Ar plasma‐treated PTFE was investigated for producing a large‐area superhydrophobic PTFE surface. To avoid impurity and substrate temperature effects, a single electrode‐based arrangement with a sacrificial PTFE disc behind the specimen was used for plasma discharge. After 5 min treatment at 100 W, the surface became superhydrophobic (water contact angle = 156°) due to the formation of isotropic nanostructures. However, 30 min of plasma treatment caused severe chemical changes resulting in a hydrophilic surface (water contact angle = 14°). A yellowish layer was formed on the surface due to crosslinking, redeposition of fluorocarbon species, and iron impurities from the plasma system confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and hydrophilic transitions of Ar plasma‐nanostructured PTFE surfaces

Pachchigar

Gaur

Amrutha

et al. 2022

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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“…These peaks are assigned to C=C and C−H bonds, respectively. These elements are confirmed by the broad peak at 292.73 eV associated to the intense peak at 285.82 eV is in favor of the presence of CH groups on the surface of PTFE [27b] . The hydrogenation of alkenes takes place during the reaction between the modified surface of PTFE (−C=C−) and ethanol as a transposition of the Billups‐Birch mechanism applied to PTFE in the sodium naphthalenide based diglyme solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Sodium Naphthalenide Diglyme Solution for Etching PTFE, Characterizations and Molecular Modelization

et al. 2022

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Wet etching of polytetrafluoroethylene by sodium naphthalenide dissolved in diglyme solution was investigated experimentally and theoretically. First, the irreversible modification of the polymer surface was analyzed by Raman and XPS spectroscopies, water wetting angle measurements and AFM observations. The drastic changes brought to the surface of PTFE could be clearly demonstrated by these analytical methods. Then, first principle calculations coupled to molecular dynamics (FPMD) were performed to simulate the first steps of the reaction involved in the process of surface modification. It has been shown that fluorine directly attacks vicinal sodium with formation of a pair of sodium fluoride ions without grafting of the naphthalene moiety onto the modified surface. While the formation of the alkene and alkyne bond can be modelized, no spectroscopic signature is observed after rinsing etched PTFE.

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“…Such a combination was also suitable for the activation of fluorine-containing polymers such as Teflon [ 33 ]. The VUV photons break even the strongest bonds in the polymer surface film [ 34 ]. The dangling bonds interact with gaseous radicals and even molecules in the ground electronic state, thus resulting in surface functionalization.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Improved Wettability of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polymers by Non-Equilibrium Plasma Treatment

Primc

2022

Polymers

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is the material of choice in several applications ranging from the automotive industry to medicine, but the surface properties are usually not adequate. A standard method for tailoring surface properties is the application of gaseous plasma. The surface finish depends enormously on the processing parameters. This article presents a review of strategies adapted for improved wettability and adhesion of PEEK. The kinetics of positively charged ions, neutral reactive plasma species, and vacuum ultraviolet radiation on the surface finish are analyzed, and synergies are stressed where appropriate. The reviewed articles are critically assessed regarding the plasma and surface kinetics, and the surface mechanisms are illustrated. The directions for obtaining optimal surface finish are provided together with the scientific explanation of the limitations of various approaches. Super-hydrophilic surface finish is achievable by treatment with a large dose of vacuum ultraviolet radiation in the presence of oxidizing gas. Bombardment with positively charged ions of kinetic energy between about 100 and 1000 eV also enable high wettability, but one should be aware of excessive heating when using the ions.

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Defluorination of Polytetrafluoroethylene Surface by Hydrogen Plasma

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and hydrophilic transitions of Ar plasma‐nanostructured PTFE surfaces

Hydrophobic to superhydrophobic and hydrophilic transitions of Ar plasma‐nanostructured PTFE surfaces

Sodium Naphthalenide Diglyme Solution for Etching PTFE, Characterizations and Molecular Modelization

Strategies for Improved Wettability of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polymers by Non-Equilibrium Plasma Treatment

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