Deflection angle and shadow behaviors of quintessential black holes in arbitrary dimensions

Abstract

Motivated by M-theory/superstring inspired models, we investigate certain behaviors of the deflection angle and the shadow geometrical shapes of higher dimensional quintessential black holes associated with two values of the dark energy (DE) state parameter, being ω = − 1 3 and ω = − 2 3 . Concretely, we derive the geodesic equation of photons on such backgrounds. Thanks to the Gauss–Bonnet theorem corresponding to the optical metric, we compute the leading terms of the deflection angle in the so-called weak-limit approximation. After that, we inspect the effect of DE and the space–time dimension d on the calculated optical quantities. Introducing DE via the field intensity c and the state parameter ω, we find that the shadow size and the deflection angle increase by increasing values of the field intensity c. However, we observe that the high dimensions decrease such quantities for ω-models exhibiting similar behaviors. Then, we consider the effect of the black hole charge, on these optical quantities, by discussing the associated behaviors. The present investigation recovers certain known results appearing in ordinary four dimensional models.

New Model of 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Gravity Coupled with Nonlinear Electrodynamics

“…For the observer at infinity, the BH shadow is linked with the high energy absorption cross section [43,59]. The absorption cross section, at very high energies, oscillates around the photon sphere σ ≈ πr 2 s , and the BH energy emission rate is expressed as…”

“…In this work, we obtain a black hole (BH) solution in the 4D EGB gravity coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) proposed in [40] in the framework of [36][37][38] theory. Quasinormal modes, deflection angle, shadows of BHs, and Hawking radiation were studied in [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. The image of the M87* BH, observed by collaboration with the Event Horizon Telescope [48], confirms the existence of BHs in the universe.…”

Light deflection by squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes in a plasma medium

“…We see that there is a stable circular orbit of a photon at the local minimum of the effective potential. Then the squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes in a homogeneous plasma medium, where a photon can be stably bounded around the black hole, make a remarkable contrast with the higher-dimensional asymptotically flat black holes in such medium, which have no stable bound state of photon [75]. 1 From the left panel of the figure 1, we find that the stable circular orbit radius decreases and the unstable one increases with increasing ω e for fixed L/M, r ∞ /M and Q/M .…”

4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity Coupled with Nonlinear Electrodynamics

“…For the observer at infinity the BH shadow is linked with the high energy absorption cross section [53], [54]. The absorption cross-section, at very high energies, oscillates around the photon sphere σ ≈ πr 2 s and the BH energy emission rate is expressed as…”