Definitive urine drug testing in office-based opioid treatment: a literature review

Barthwell, Andrea G.; Allgaier, Jeffrey T; Egli, Kenneth

doi:10.1080/10408444.2018.1553935

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 93 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The use of saliva for the verification of drug use allows a less invasive sample collection and increases the difficulty of adulterating the sample [12][13][14] , being progressively more prioritized by government authorities, in cases of traffic accidents under the influence of such substances 15 , in monitoring of drug addicts 16 , as a clinical toxicology, to control the use of psychotropic substances in employees 17 , and even in sports, with anti-doping tests 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Disposable 3D Printed Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Aqueous Solution and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Saliva

Oiye

Ribeiro

Botelho³

et al. 2020

BJFS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Currently, marijuana or cannabis is the most consumed drug worldwide, and is also the one with the highest number of seizures, with 354 tons seized in Brazil in 2017. The increase in its consumption has been called attention, not only by the authorities, due to accidents caused when driving under the influence of the drug, but also by companies that carry out toxicological analyzes on their employees. For this, rapid tests, such as colorimetric tests, are generally used to analyze the urine of users. The need for agile and proper identification of drugs of abuse has encouraged the scientific community to improve and to develop new methodologies. Electrochemical methods appear as a cheap, portable and easy to use alternative. The use of biodegradable materials for the development of disposable electrodes has become paramount today. The use of 3D printers emerges as an alternative for the manufacture of these electrodes and the use of saliva instead of urine, has also been a priority because it is a less invasive sample and difficult to adulterate. In this work, a three dimensional device was created in an innovative way containing the three electrodes, working, counter and reference, in conductive material. The device was then used to detect the active principle present in cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, in aqueous solution, and its metabolite, 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC, in samples of real saliva, both through cyclic voltammetry. The positive results show that the proposed device can be used, as well as those already found on the market, for the identification of drug use and in the forensic field.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the preliminary tests used today, for field analysis, employ immunoassays, in which color changes are obtained for certain substances. These tests are easy to produce, cheap, fast and portable, but are mostly applied to urine 14,16,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposable 3D Printed Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Aqueous Solution and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Saliva

Oiye

Ribeiro

Botelho³

et al. 2020

BJFS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Urine can identify recent drug use within days of the sample collection. Urine is an excellent way to identify nicotine, opiates, cocaine, and amphetamines [ 7 , 18 ]. On this note, screening and confirmation testing are the two main types of urine drug tests.…”

Section: Biological Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine and Neonatal Exposure to Opioids: Toxicological, Clinical, and Medico-Legal Issues

Albano

Spina²,

Pitingaro³

et al. 2023

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Opioids have a rapid transplacental passage (i.e., less than 60 min); furthermore, symptoms characterize the maternal and fetal withdrawal syndrome. Opioid withdrawal significantly impacts the fetus, inducing worse outcomes and a risk of mortality. Moreover, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) follows the delivery, lasts up to 10 weeks, and requires intensive management. Therefore, the prevention and adequate management of NAS are relevant public health issues. This review aims to summarize the most updated evidence in the literature regarding toxicological, clinical, and forensic issues of intrauterine exposure to opioids to provide a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach for managing such issues. Further research is required to standardize testing and to better understand the distribution of opioid derivatives in each specimen type, as well as the clinically relevant cutoff concentrations in quantitative testing results. A multidisciplinary approach is required, with obstetricians, pediatricians, nurses, forensic doctors and toxicologists, social workers, addiction specialists, and politicians all working together to implement social welfare and social services for the baby when needed. The healthcare system should encourage multidisciplinary activity in this field and direct suspected maternal and neonatal opioid intoxication cases to local referral centers.

show abstract

“…[21][22][23] Moreover, statistical outliers in billing frequencies may reflect providers' real concerns about undertreating a patient. 22,26,27 Other potential indicators of unethical SUD treatment practices are not recorded in an insurance claim and thus would be missed in a claims data-based algorithm. In our interviews, stakeholders mentioned several such potential indicators: incongruence between the listed and actual owner of a treatment facility; lack of appropriate certification or licensure; the presence of different limited liability companies for physician groups, facilities, and laboratories; laboratory name changes; unwillingness to provide medical records to insurers; same accounts being used to pay multiple insurance premiums; incentives offered to attend specific facilities; misleading media claims or online advertisements; and the absence of staff names on facility websites.…”

Section: Limitations In Algorithm-based Fraud Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, from claims data, one cannot ascribe intent—claims may reflect data entry errors, be outright false (no services provided), be an exaggeration of the number or intensity of services provided, or may reflect provided, but unnecessary, services 21–23 . Moreover, statistical outliers in billing frequencies may reflect providers' real concerns about under treating a patient 22,26,27 …”

Section: Limitations In Algorithm‐based Fraud Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting fraud, waste, and abuse in substance use disorder treatment

Garrido

Jones

Woodruff

et al. 2022

Health Services Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Definitive urine drug testing in office-based opioid treatment: a literature review

Cited by 10 publications

References 93 publications

Disposable 3D Printed Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Aqueous Solution and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Saliva

Disposable 3D Printed Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Aqueous Solution and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Saliva

Intrauterine and Neonatal Exposure to Opioids: Toxicological, Clinical, and Medico-Legal Issues

Detecting fraud, waste, and abuse in substance use disorder treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About