Definitions and Concepts of Genocide: Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide

Jacobs, Steven Leonard

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65513-0_2

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Despite the conceptual consistency of genocide, some scholars argue that the definition in the GC lacks details about the appropriate interpretation of each element of the crime of genocide, including a significant absence of how to interpret or understand the notions of “intent” or “destruction” (O’Brien, 2020; Özsu, 2020). Additionally, scholars have denounced how the legal definition diminished Raphael Lemkin’s initial concept (Özsu, 2020; Jacobs, 2018; Jones, 2006); the legal definition does not refer to intentional actions to destroy people’s cultures despite Lemkin’s position that genocide includes the dissolution of political, social, cultural, economic, biological, physical, religious and moral dimensions of communities (Lemkin, 1944). Lemkin’s original conceptualization far surpassed the notion of physical annihilation to include the targeting and destruction of “social” groups.…”

Section: Genocide: Considerations and Criticismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Everyday genocide: femicide, transicide and the responsibility to protect

Standish

2021

JACPR

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish a conceptual connection between gender-based violence (GBV) and genocide. Victims of gendercide, such as femicide and transicide, should be eligible for protections assigned to victims of genocide, including the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). Design/methodology/approach This study examines genocide, gendercide, femicide, transicide and the R2P doctrine to formulate a platform of engagement from which to argue the alignment and congruence of genocide with gendercide. Using a content analysis of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees definition of GBV, and Article II of the Genocide Convention (GC) five “directive” facets are examined, namely, identity, physical violence, psychological violence, oppressive violence and repressive violence. Findings Expressions of physical violence, psychological violence, oppressive violence and repressive violence reflected similarity, whereas the GCs omit sex and gender as facets of identity group inclusion. The only variation is the encapsulation of identity factors included in the acts of harm. Practical implications The elevation of gendercide to the status of genocide would permit us the leverage to make it not only illegal to permit gendercide – internationally or in-country – but make it illegal not to intervene, too. Social implications Deliberate harm based on sex and gender are crimes against people because of their real or perceived group membership, and as such, should be included in genocide theory and prevention. Originality/value This study explores a new conceptual basis for addressing gendercidal violence nationally to include sex and gender victim groups typically excluded from formal parameters of inclusion and address due to limitations in Article II. The analysis of genocide alongside GBV may inform scholars and activists in the aim to end gendered violence.

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Section: Genocide: Considerations and Criticismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The political implications of using the term and interpretation of genocide are then overlooked for normative concerns. Today, the debates around using the "G" word antagonize a state's decision to intervene to prevent genocides (Jacobs, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Everyday genocide: femicide, transicide and the responsibility to protect

Standish

2021

JACPR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Definitions and Concepts of Genocide: Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide

Cited by 1 publication

References 7 publications

Everyday genocide: femicide, transicide and the responsibility to protect

Everyday genocide: femicide, transicide and the responsibility to protect

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