Definition of some basic terms in computer and information science

The field of Information Science is constantly changing. Therefore, information scientists are required to regularly review-and if necessary-redefine its fundamental building blocks. This article is one of a group of four articles, which resulted from a Critical Delphi study conducted in 2003-2005. The study, "Knowledge Map of Information Science," was aimed at exploring the foundations of information science. The international panel was composed of 57 leading scholars from 16 countries, who represent (almost) all the major subfields and important aspects of the field. This particular article documents 130 definitions of data, information, and knowledge formulated by 45 scholars, and maps the major conceptual approaches for defining these three key concepts.

show abstract

“…[39 ] (Paul Sturges) Data are facts that are the result of observation or measurement. (Landry et al, 1970). Information is meaningful data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge

Zins¹

2007

J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci.

541

292

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main difference between these processes lies in input sources. In case of information fusion, the input is a set of information sources representing data organized (interconnected) to produce meaning [17]. The input for knowledge fusion is a set of knowledge sources, i.e., information that can be used to make decisions [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-Aware Knowledge Fusion for Decision Support

Smirnov

Levashova

Shilov

2016

Context-Enhanced Information Fusion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate knowledge fusion processes with reference to context-aware decision support. Various knowledge fusion processes and their possible outcomes are analyzed. A context-aware decision support system for emergency management serves as a possible application in which knowledge fusion processes go on. This system provides fused outputs from different knowledge sources. It relies upon context model, which is the key to fuse information/knowledge and to generate useful decisions. The discussion is complemented by examples from a fire response scenario.Keywords Context-aware decision support Á Constraint-based ontology Á Information fusion model Á Knowledge fusion Á Emergency management Á Fire response IntroductionInformation fusion deals with various forms of information integration (aggregation, union, merging, etc.) from multiple sources. Some time ago, sources of data and information (databases, sensors, etc.) [1] due to observed shortcomings. Currently, this model is the most popular among other information fusion models. Initially proposed for the military applications, now it is widely used in civil domains as well, such as business or medicine. The levels with the JDL/DFG model are: source pre-processing/subject assessment (level 0), object assessment (level 1), situation assessment (level 2), impact assessment/threat refinement (level 3), process refinement (level 4), and user refinement/cognitive refinement (level 5). Through its different levels, the model divides the fusion processes according to the different levels of abstraction of the data fused and the different problems the data fusion is applicable to (e.g., characteristic estimation vs. situation recognition and analysis). The model does not prescribe a strict ordering of the processes and the fusion levels, and the levels are not always discrete and may overlap. The JDL/DFG model is useful for visualizing the data fusion process, facilitating discussion and common understanding, and important for system-level information fusion design [2].Recently, research on information fusion extended the set of input sources with ontologies, text documents, the web, etc. That is, the focus of data and information fusion has changed to knowledge fusion.Information fusion and knowledge fusion are tightly related [3]. Referring to various perspectives on information fusion (e.g., [2,[4][5][6][7][8]), this technology is aimed at facilitation of situation awareness and improvement of decision making. The main result of information fusion is a new meaningful piece of information that is beneficial to decision making in less uncertainty, more preciseness, and/or more comprehensibility then the contributing parts [9][10][11].The objective of knowledge fusion is to integrate information and knowledge from multiple sources into some common knowledge that may be used for decision making and problem solving or may provide a better insight and understanding of the situation under consideration [12][13][14][15]. Knowledge f...

show abstract

“…KONDER, Leandro. O futuro da filosofia da Práxis, Rio de Janeiro: Paz & Terra, 1992 21. Según las leyes de la termodinámica, todo conjunto de materia, si está aislado y cerrado relativamente a su ambiente externo, tiende irreversiblemente hacia la entropía, estado en que, un sistema dado por la ausencia de desequilibrios térmicos internos no logra realizar trabajo físico, no produce o sufre transformaciones, está muerto.…”

unclassified

Internet y Estado de Vigilancia: El Desafío de la Protección de Datos (Internet and the Surveillance State: The Challenge of Data Protection)

Ruaro

Molinaro

2013

SSRN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Definition of some basic terms in computer and information science

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge

Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge

Context-Aware Knowledge Fusion for Decision Support

Internet y Estado de Vigilancia: El Desafío de la Protección de Datos (Internet and the Surveillance State: The Challenge of Data Protection)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About