Definition of reaction pathways for catalytic aquathermolysis of Liaohe heavy crude oil

Tirado, Alexis; Félix, Guillermo; Varfolomeev, Mikhail A.; Yuan, Chengdong; Ancheyta, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126345

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This behavior is attributed to the high ability of Cu phases to cleave heteroatoms−C bonds as well as saturate free radicals that were formed by the rupture of some naphthenic rings and bridge bonds in high molecular weight compounds, 8,25 where the water participates in aquathermolysis reactions as a hydrogen donor, as has been reported in generalized reaction mechanisms for aquathermolysis reaction. 16,26 Figure 4 illustrates a reaction mechanism of the possible pathways carried out under aquathermolysis conditions using a copper oleate precursor. The carboxylic ligands maintain the transition metals in the oil phase, improving the interaction with heavy crude oil molecules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that in-series reactions from heavier to lighter fractions were predominant, as well as some parallel reactions, such as the production of aromatic compounds from asphaltenes and saturates hydrocarbons from resins. Tirado et al 16 proposed a kinetic model to describe the aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oil from the Liaohe oil field using a NiO catalyst. Detailed experimental data reported by Zhang et al 17 at temperatures of 200−260 °C and reaction times of 12−72 h were used to estimate the optimal kinetic parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the Kinetics of Heavy Crude Oil Cu-Oleate Aquathermolysis

Tirado

Félix

Suwaid

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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During steam injection processes, oil-soluble catalysts have demonstrated high efficiency by improving the flow properties of heavy crude oil into the reservoir. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of this catalyst type and its reaction mechanism, further studies based on complex kinetic models are required. The catalytic effect of copper oleate on aquathermolysis of heavy crude oil was studied using experimental data obtained with a water/oil ratio of 3:7, a temperature range of 250 to 300 °C, and up to 72 h of reaction time. A kinetic model was developed to predict the yield of the SARA fractions and gases. The calculated kinetic parameters presented a proper fit concerning experimental data with average absolute error values lower than 4%. Results showed that copper oleate reduces the polyaddition reactions of heavy fractions, favoring the production of lighter compounds. A set of in-series and parallel reactions indicate that the reaction gas and aromatic compounds are mainly produced from the asphaltene fraction, where aromatic fractions subsequently generate saturates hydrocarbons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Kinetics of Heavy Crude Oil Cu-Oleate Aquathermolysis

Tirado

Félix

Suwaid

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…OM WPG WPL = + (7) where WF 0 and WH 0 are the weights of the initial oil and water loaded to the reactor, respectively. WPG and WPL are the weight of the gas and liquid products, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of the structural changes of various asphaltene samples under aquathermolysis conditions showed the influence of the molecular architectures, operating conditions, and catalyst type, causing different changes in the molecular weight, aromaticity, and condensation, as well as in the state of aggregation of the molecules from oil samples with similar origins. 7 The chemical interaction of oil compounds, steam, and minerals during steam injection processes produces certain gases such as H 2 S, CO, CO 2 , H 2 , and CH 4 . The generation of H 2 S during the aquathermolysis reaction depends on both the amount of organosulfur compounds and their reactivity, which was corroborated through the experimentation of crude oil with different sulfur content, where a Venezuelan heavy crude oil sample with a sulfur content of 2.3 wt % produced a similar H 2 S amount as a Canadian heavy crude oil with a 5.0 wt % sulfur content.…”

Section: Experimentation With Heavy Crude Oil and Model Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Considerations for Proper Development of Aquathermolysis Tests in Batch Reactor Systems

Tirado

Félix

Al‐Muntaser

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Steam-based technologies are promising procedures with great potential for the recovery of heavy oil reserves. Particularly, catalytic aquathermolysis has been identified as a relevant technology for the permanent upgrading of heavy crude oil to increase the recovery factor. This technology requires appropriate experimentation for evaluation of the effect of operational conditions on product yield and quality and catalyst performance, and to determine reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Consequently, the procedures used to generate, interpret, and analyze the experimental data required for optimizing the aquathermolysis process need to be properly defined and applied. This work reports an exhaustive review of experimental results reported in the literature on diverse upgraded oil samples. The effect of operating reaction parameters, such as temperature, oil/water ratio, time, and catalyst dosage, was discussed in detail. Based on experimental results, some behaviors in gas production and viscosity reduction are highlighted and explained for the development of future studies. It was concluded that the upgrading of crude oil is mainly influenced by the reactivity of the chemical compounds involved, and a detailed analysis of the reaction system is required for the experimental development and scale-up.

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“…Nevertheless, further studies are required to decipher the actual reaction pathways. Figure depicts a generalized reaction mechanism for the aquathermolysis reaction of asphaltenes using a nickel sulfide (Ni x S y ) catalyst. ,, The structure of asphaltenes before and after aquathermolysis was analyzed through different techniques such as elemental analysis, average molecular weight, X-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance. In order to carry out a detailed analysis and comparison of the results of different researchers, the findings of these and other techniques used for asphaltenes characterization are described below.…”

Section: Changes In Asphaltenes During the Aquathermolysis Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Asphaltene Transformations during Aquathermolysis of Heavy Crude Oil: Analysis of the Literature Data

Tirado,

Félix,

Al-Muntaser

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Despite the remarkable effort performed to understand the reaction mechanism of asphaltenes during aquathermolysis reaction, the knowledge level about their molecular structures and reaction pathways is still limited. This work thoroughly reviews and discusses experimental results reported from different samples of asphaltenes during the aquathermolysis reaction to obtain information about the elemental composition, functional groups, and average structural parameters using analytical characterization techniques, including elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. By studying the structural changes of asphaltenes, theoretical support is provided for future research on the aquathermolysis of heavy crude oils in the presence and absence of various catalysts such as water-soluble, ionic liquids-based, mineral, and heterogeneous. Characterization analyses show that the changes in asphaltenes are strongly influenced by the operating conditions, catalyst type, and asphaltene structure. Certain catalysts and hydrogen donors provide a higher effect on asphaltenes and their functional groups that have been observed through changes in the molecular weight, aromaticity, and condensation as well as representative parameters of the aggregation state of asphaltene molecules.

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Definition of reaction pathways for catalytic aquathermolysis of Liaohe heavy crude oil

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Modeling the Kinetics of Heavy Crude Oil Cu-Oleate Aquathermolysis

Modeling the Kinetics of Heavy Crude Oil Cu-Oleate Aquathermolysis

Experimental Considerations for Proper Development of Aquathermolysis Tests in Batch Reactor Systems

Molecular Asphaltene Transformations during Aquathermolysis of Heavy Crude Oil: Analysis of the Literature Data

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