Definition of Metabolic Syndrome

Grundy, Scott M.; Bryan, H.; Cleeman, James I.; Smith, Sidney C.; Lenfant, Claude

doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000111245.75752.c6

Cited by 797 publications

(541 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Subjects were grouped by desirable or undesirable HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels using ATP III recommended cut-offs, 9 and the median biomarker level of healthy controls for LDLcholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, Lp(a) and the total cholesterol (TC)/HDL and triglyceride/HDL ratios. The cut-off for the LDL/HDL ratio was based on desirable values of 100 and 40, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Baseline Lipids and C-Reactive Protein in Women Receiving Menopausal Hormone Therapy as Predictors of Treatment-Related Coronary Events

Bray

Larson

LaCroix

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Cardiology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Baseline Lipids and C-Reactive Protein in Women Receiving Menopausal Hormone Therapy as Predictors of Treatment-Related Coronary Events

Bray

Larson

LaCroix

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Cardiology

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“…Type 2 diabetes is associated with hyperlipidemia (elevated triglycerides, decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels [40]. Furthermore, in addition to oxidation of lipoproteins hyperglycemia may lead to glycation leading to formation of pro-atherogenic glycoxidation products [42] in analogy to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) as already discussed.…”

Section: Diabetes-associated Hyperlipidemiamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This suggests that other mechanisms than hyperglycemia may be important for atherogenesis in diabetics, which may especially apply to type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is often preceded by or associated with the metabolic syndrome, a risk factor complex for cardiovascular disease consisting of atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance accompanied by glucose intolerance, abdominal obesity, a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state and hypertension [40,41].…”

Section: Pro-atherogenic Mechanisms In Diabetes In Addition To Hypergmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms by which diabetes increases cardiovascular disease

Gleissner

Galkina

Nadler

et al. 2007

Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease which is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Increasing prevalence of diabetes and diabetic atherosclerosis makes identification of molecular mechanisms by which diabetes promotes atherogenesis an important task. Targeting common pathways may ameliorate both diseases. This review focuses on well known as well as newly discovered mechanisms which may represent promising therapeutic targets.

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“…[26][27][28] Grundy et al 29 believe that HT is 'less metabolic' than other metabolic- Another potential confounder about the role of HT in MS is aging, because both HT and MS increase in prevalence with age. 30 In our experience, the classification of HT proposed by the NCEP did not modify CHD profile. In fact, for an old person with MS, a systolic X130 and/or a diastolic X85 mm Hg did not increase the risk of dying for a CHD event when antihypertensive treatment was present; and on the other hand, untreated elderly hypertensives were at increased risk of CHD mortality independent of systolic or diastolic category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Pulse hypertension: a new component of the metabolic syndrome in elderly women?

et al. 2007

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The classification of arterial hypertension (HT) to define metabolic syndrome (MS) is unclear in that different cutoffs of blood pressure (BP) have been proposed. We evaluated the categorization of HT most qualified to define MS in relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality at a population level. A total of 3257 subjects aged X65 years were followed up for 12 years. MS was defined according to the criteria of the National Education Cholesterol Program using three different categories of HT: MS-1 (systolic blood pressure (SBP) X130 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) X85 mm Hg), MS-2 (SBP X130 or DBP X85 mm Hg) and MS-3 (pulse pressure (PP) X75 mm Hg in men and X80 mm Hg in women). Gender-specific adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CHD mortality was derived from Cox analysis in the three MS groups, both including and excluding antihypertensive treatment. In women with MS untreated for HT, the risk of CHD mortality was always significantly higher than in those without MS, independent of categorization; the HR of MS was 1.73 (CI 1.12-2.67) using MS-1, 1.75 (CI 1.10-2.83) using MS-2 and 2.39 (CI 3.71-1.31) using MS-3. In women with MS treated for HT, the HR of CHD mortality was significantly increased only in the MS-3 group (1.92, CI 1.1-2.88). MS did not predict CHD in men. In conclusion, MS can predict CHD mortality in elderly women with untreated HT but not in those with treated HT; in the latter, PP is the most predictive BP value.

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Definition of Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 797 publications

References 11 publications

Usefulness of Baseline Lipids and C-Reactive Protein in Women Receiving Menopausal Hormone Therapy as Predictors of Treatment-Related Coronary Events

Usefulness of Baseline Lipids and C-Reactive Protein in Women Receiving Menopausal Hormone Therapy as Predictors of Treatment-Related Coronary Events

Mechanisms by which diabetes increases cardiovascular disease

Pulse hypertension: a new component of the metabolic syndrome in elderly women?

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