Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis

This study identifies the prevalence of vaginal flora alterations in low-risk pregnant women and their association with reported symptoms and gynecological exams. This quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in public primary care service units Considering undesirable maternal and perinatal outcomes and feasible laboratory practices, the establishment of a routine for diagnosing vaginal flora alterations in low-risk pregnant women is suggested. Los datos apuntan elevada prevalencia de las alteraciones de flora vaginal, con poca asociación a la sintomatología, pero con asociación a hallazgos del examen ginecológico.Considerándose las repercusiones maternas y perinatales indeseables y la práctica de laboratorio ejecutable, se sugiere el establecimiento de rutina para diagnóstico de las alteraciones de flora vaginal en gestantes de bajo riesgo.Descriptores: Vaginosis Bacteriana; Candidíasis Vulvovaginal; Embarazo; Prevalencia. IntroductionBacterial vaginosis (BV) is a relevant issue during pregnancy because it is associated with a higher risk of late miscarriage, infection of the amniotic cavity, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, prematurity, and infant low birth weight (1) . The mechanism through which these obstetrical complications occur is not yet totally The metabolism resulting from the proliferation of these bacteria promote increased production of aromatic amines, the putrescine and cadaverine, which evaporate and induce a bad genital odor (6) . Another frequent symptom is a grayish and fluid vaginal discharge with small bubbles (7) .The Lactobacillus SP is a gram-positive bacillus that produces components such as lactic acid, bacteriocins and hydrogen, and which has properties that protect the vaginal flora. These components determine an acidic vaginal pH, lower than 4.5, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The vaginal flora is also composed of other commensal microorganisms, which in certain situations can become pathogenic (8) .We must take into account that under normal Its most common symptoms are itching, urinary discomfort, perineal irritation, and whitish discharge in plates, while between 25% and 40% of women are asymptomatic (10) . Although it is highly prevalent, it is not related to relevant perinatal complications (11) .Vaginal trichomoniasis is an important sexually Based on a prevalence of altered vaginal flora of 20% with confidence interval of 95% and a margin of error of 5%, the sample minimum size was determined by: Patients included in the study were submitted to speculum examination using a bi-valve vaginal Collins speculum, sterilized and without any lubricating.After this procedure, the macroscopic characteristics of the vaginal content were noted, followed by a pH measurement with Merk  tape graduated between four and seven, pressed against the middle third of the lateral vaginal wall for one minute, then proceeding to the reading according to the manufacturer's instructions.Then, the material of the lateral vaginal wall was collected ...

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“…The diagnosis of aerobic (15) and cytolytic (14) vaginitis was also performed according to criteria previously mentioned. …”

Section: Diagnosis Of Abnormal Vaginal Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Vaginal Flora in Low-Risk Pregnant Women Cared for by a Public Health Service: prevalence and Association with Symptoms and Findings from Gynecological Exams

Gondo

Duarte

Silva

et al. 2010

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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“…BV is quite complex, however, very common condition characterized by the substitution of native Lactobacilli by either anaerobic bacteria such as Atopobium, Gardnerella and Mobiluncus [1,2], or Mycoplasma [3], or aerobic bacteria such as pathogenic Escherichia coli and enterococci [4]. The net result is an elevated pH, production of sialidase by colonizing foreign microbes [5] or amine production by them resulting in white discharge and fishy odor [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Study of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 (ATCC PTA-11748) in the Treatment of Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis

2011

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent vaginal infection worldwide and is characterized by reduction of native lactobacilli. Antimicrobial therapy used to cure the disease is often found to be ineffective. We postulate that Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 (Unique Biotech Limited, India) might provide an appendage to antimicrobial treatment and improve curing rate. In the present study 40 Indian women diagnosed with BV by the presence of symptoms including white discharge, pH greater than 4.7, burning micturation, itching, soreness and redness at vulva. The subjects were divided in 2 groups probiotic (n = 20) and control (n = 20) based on age (control group, 33 ± 3 years and probiotic group, 32.5 ± 3 years), history of previous vaginosis (control group, 75% or 15/20 and probiotic group, 75% or 15/20) and severity of current vaginosis infection (burning micturation and itching, 35% in each group). Probiotic group subjects were assigned to receive a dose of antibiotic therapy [Ofloxacin-Ornidazole with strength of 200-500 mg per capsule/day for 5 days along with vaginal peccaries (co-kimaxazol) for 3 days] simultaneously with two probiotic capsules (10 9 CFUs of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 per capsule). The control group received only antibiotic therapy. At the end of the treatment the 80% of probiotic group subjects showed significant positive response as revealed by reduction of vaginosis symptoms compared to the control group which exhibited reduction in 45% subjects only. Thus, the results of present study indicate that strain Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 can provide benefits to women being treated with antibiotics to cure an infectious condition.

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“…The presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) was evaluated based on Nugent's criteria (Nuget et al, 1991), while the presence of aerobic vaginitis was assessed using Donders' criteria (Donders et al, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Incidence of Early Postoperative Infections between Patients Using Synthetic Mesh and Those Undergoing Traditional Pelvic Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

et al. 2013

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R e c e i ve d Ju ly 2 , 2 0 1 2 ; A c c e p t e d A p r i l 8 , 2 0 1 3 . Key words: Febrile morbidity -Pelvic organ prolapse -Postoperative infectionsSepsis -Synthetic polypropylene meshAbstract: New mesh-related complications such as erosion, etc., can result from abnormal postoperative healing due to surgical site infection. The aim of our study was to compare systemic inflammatory responses and the incidence of early infectious complications after reconstructive surgery using synthetic mesh and after traditional vaginal wall repair. In this prospective observational study 99 women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse were included; 55 women underwent traditional repair and 44 repair using mesh. After the procedure infectious complications were monitored. The patients who underwent reconstructive Republic, and surgery using mesh material were more likely to have febrile morbidity in the postoperative period than the patients who had been treated with traditional repair (p=0.031); there was a higher incidence of combination febrile morbidity with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) > 50 mg/l; p=0.046, and a higher incidence of CRP increase over 30 mg/l; p=0.005. Reconstructive procedures using synthetic mesh are accompanied by a higher incidence of early post-operative infectious complications. This study was supported by the Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech IntroductionPelvic organ prolapse is a common problem affecting up to 50% of parous women (Subak et al., 2001). Not all of them are symptomatic (Olsen et al., 1997;Baessler and Maher, 2006), and the risk of requiring surgery for prolapse is 11-12% in women reaching 79 years of age (Olsen et al., 1997). For a long time traditional pelvic reconstruction surgical procedures were the only ones available. The longterm efficiency of those procedures varied, and re-operation rates of nearly 30% have been reported by Olsen et al. (1997), with a risk of recurrence of up to 45% according to Valaitis and Stanton (1994) and Kohli et al. (1998). This may be one of the reasons why synthetic meshes were introduced to pelvic reconstructive surgery. However, these new surgical procedure have brought with them new mesh-related complications such as erosion, pain syndrome, etc. as described by Bako and Dhar (2009). Some of these complications -erosion, shrinkage and abnormal pain -can result from abnormal postoperative healing due to surgical site infection.The vagina contains more microorganisms than any other site in the body except the bowel (Lamont and Haynes, 2008). Surgical procedures resulting in the opening of the vagina will result in contamination of normally sterile sites by bacteria that are normally resident in the vagina. Infection and inflammation depends on a mixture of surgical and host-related factors. When mesh material is used this decreases the size of the bacterial inoculum, which can induce postoperative infection.The aim of our study was to compare immediate inflammatory reaction and the incidence of infectious complications afte...

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Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis

Cited by 74 publications

References 14 publications

Abnormal Vaginal Flora in Low-Risk Pregnant Women Cared for by a Public Health Service: prevalence and Association with Symptoms and Findings from Gynecological Exams

Abnormal Vaginal Flora in Low-Risk Pregnant Women Cared for by a Public Health Service: prevalence and Association with Symptoms and Findings from Gynecological Exams

Clinical Study of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 (ATCC PTA-11748) in the Treatment of Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis

A Comparison of the Incidence of Early Postoperative Infections between Patients Using Synthetic Mesh and Those Undergoing Traditional Pelvic Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

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