Definition of a condition-based model for natural stone claddings

Ferreira, Cláudia; Silva, Ana; Brito, Jorge de; Dias, Ilídio S.; Flores‐Colen, Inês

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101643

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In this study, four constructive solutions (ceramic tiling system (CTS); natural stone cladding (NSC); external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS); and architectural concrete façades (ACF)) are analyzed as case studies. To investigate the maintenance strategies more relevant for the increase of the efficiency of the constructive solutions three maintenance strategies (MS) were considered [36,43,44 In the maintenance model, for all environmental exposure conditions and constructive solutions, the degradation process follows a Weibull distribution. The optimal parameters of the degradation process are presented in Table 1, in terms of mean and standard deviation of the sojourn time in each degradation condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in the maintenance model, interventions are divided in four levels: (i) Inspections; (ii) cleaning operations; (iii) minor interventions; and (iv) total replacement [1,25,36,[41][42][43][44]. In terms of activities, the inspection includes only the visual assessment of the cladding and the decision to intervene is based on the inspection results.…”

Section: Maintenance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

et al. 2021

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Façades, as the most external building envelope component, are subject to different ex-ternal environmental loads, such as: Temperature, precipitation, damp, and wind. Therefore, the contribution of environmental actions to the occurrence of defects in façades claddings is an important subject of study since these actions strongly affect the degradation process and natural ageing of these components during their service life. In this study, a methodology to support decision-makers in the process of selecting a façade cladding system and the maintenance strategy to implement is presented and discussed. This methodology covers the performance of four façade claddings (ceramic tiling systems (CTS), natural stone claddings (NSC), external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS), and architectural concrete façades (ACF)) over time, according to three environmental exposure variables (exposure to damp, distance from the sea, and orientation). The databases were established based on the diagnosis of the degradation condition of these claddings in-service conditions, in Portugal. The results reveal that the environmental exposure variables have a significant impact on maintenance requirements and costs. For all the categories of the environmental exposure condition variables, under all scenarios, ETICS is the least favorable constructive solution while CTS is the most advantageous solution. Furthermore, the results show that properly implemented maintenance activities enhance the performance level of building components, which positively affects their degradation behavior over time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Maintenance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

et al. 2021

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“…In this methodology, four types of interventions are used in the maintenance programs: inspections, cleaning operations, minor interventions and total replacement [21,24,[34][35][36][37][38]. In inspections, visual assessment (and non-destructive tests, when necessary) is used to identify the existing anomalies and, consequently, assess the real degradation condition of the CCPR.…”

Section: Severity Of Degradation [%]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, to compare the efficiency of the different maintenance strategies, a performance indicator, PI, is used [38]. The performance indicator, PI, is given by Equation 6and allows relating the mean sojourn time in the more favourable degradation conditions and the operation costs.…”

Section: Efficiency Index and Performance Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned above, MS1-only total replacement; MS2-composed of total replacement and minor intervention and MS3-composed of total replacement, minor intervention and cleaning operations are the maintenance strategies studied. The maintenance strategies were defined based on previous works [24,38] and on experts' judgements.…”

Section: Maintenance Strategies Assumptions and Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maintenance Modelling of Ceramic Claddings in Pitched Roofs Based on the Evaluation of Their In Situ Degradation Condition

et al. 2020

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Existing maintenance policies have several limitations, mainly due to the lack of knowledge regarding the durability and performance of buildings. Usually, the maintenance policies are insufficiently accurate, neglecting the risk of failure over time and the global costs associated with repairs. In this study, a condition-based maintenance model, based on Petri nets, is proposed to evaluate the impact of three maintenance strategies of ceramic claddings in pitched roofs (CCPR): MS1—only total replacement; MS2—composed of total replacement and minor intervention and MS3—composed of total replacement, minor intervention and cleaning operations. In this study, 146 CCPR were inspected in situ, with a total area of 43,991.6 m2. The remaining service life of the CCPR; the global costs over the claddings’ lifetime (considering inspection, maintenance, replacement and disposal costs); the claddings’ degradation condition and the number of replacements during the time horizon are used to evaluate the performance of the different maintenance strategies through a simplified multi-criteria analysis. The results show that the gains in performance, in terms of expected service life and durability, of the consideration of preventive maintenance actions (minor interventions or cleaning operations) outweigh the increase of the operation costs.

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Social Life Cycle Indicators Towards a Sustainability Label of a Natural Stone for Coverings

Palumbo

Traverso

2021

Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management

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The stone industry plays an important economic role in Italy as well as worldwide, and its products are part of the construction sector for hard coverings. The relevance of these products led the European Commission to develop specific criteria for natural stone within the Ecolabel scheme for hard coverings. In order to provide environmental information and to establish and maintain their comparability, the eco-labelling schemes recognized the life cycle assessment (LCA) as a scientific method to be employed when describing the environmental performance of the products. In its current form, the European Ecolabel scheme only considers environmental impacts and overlooks significant social impacts, especially for the category of stakeholders most affected during the extraction and manufacturing phases: workers. The main purpose of this study is to define a set of social criteria to be added to the revised version of the European Ecolabel with reference to issues concerning natural stone covering products. In particular, according to the updated guidelines for the social life cycle assessment by UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative (2019), we have identified that the “health and safety” impact category as it relates to workers during the extraction and manufacturing phases of the products must be considered a priority. The results provide a set of criteria for the S-LCA inventory which should be added to the Ecolabel guidelines when assessing the natural stone covering sector. Integration of the social sphere with the results obtained from the LCA study would provide reliable and more complete information on the sustainability of the natural stone product.This represents a first step towards the inclusion of similar criteria for other covering products.

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Definition of a condition-based model for natural stone claddings

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

Maintenance Modelling of Ceramic Claddings in Pitched Roofs Based on the Evaluation of Their In Situ Degradation Condition

Social Life Cycle Indicators Towards a Sustainability Label of a Natural Stone for Coverings

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