Définition des limites de flexibilité des apports en acides oléique, linoléique et alphalinolénique sur la lipidémie et les paramètres d’athérothrombose chez l’homme : intérêt des huiles végétales combinées

Abstract

pourcentage d'AET du régime alimentaire pourraient être définies comme suit : 11-16 % (soit 28 g à 44 g) d'acide oléique, 4-6 % (soit 9 g à 13 g) d'acide linoléique, 1 % (soit 1,5 g à 3 g) d'alphalinolénique (pour 60 % en position sn2). Soit des rapports 18:1/18:2n-6/18:3n-3 de l'ordre de 11-16/4-6/1 en % de l'AET. Summary :Oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids from vegetable oils: where are the limits for beneficial effects on lipemia and athero-thrombotic parameters in humans? Cardiovascular disease is the number one public health problem in western countries. Recent data showed that diets including 10 to 13% of oleic acid in the total caloric intake could protect from new cardio-vascular events [8], but increasing oleic acid intake to more than 20% of the total caloric intake could limit this beneficial effect by inducing an increase of LDL-C [21,34]. Grundy, in an attempt to clarify the desirable ratio of saturated versus unsaturated (mono and poly) fatty acids, concluded in 1997 to "insufficient data for recommended oleic intake", and proposed for the moment 15-16% as a "reasonable compromise". The objective of our study was to define the proper ratio between oleic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic (OL/LA/ALA ratio) and to validate dietary levels of oleic acid after stabilisation of the linoleic/alphalinolenic ratio in the diet of normolipidemic male subjects (n=40). In order to reach 11, 13 and 16% of oleic acid of the total energy (TE) intake, sunflower, high oleic sunflower (HOSO) and rapeseed oils were combined to obtain specific blends adjusted to the FA intake proposed in the protocol. Each of these 3 diets (11, 13, 16% oleic diets) was maintained for 16 weeks and the clearance of a fatty meal (1,000 kcal, 62.5% fat) was tested during 8 h postprandially at the end of each period. The results indicated that the stability of fasting and postprandial plasma atherogenic parameters was maintained to favorable levels. There were no statistical differences of the effects of the 11, 13, 16% oleic acid diets evaluated on fasting LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, HDL-C, TG, ApoB, ApoAI or postprandial TG incremental area under the curve, so that the ApoB/AI, LDL-C/HDL-C and Non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio were kept stable. We propose that the following data could represent a dietary fatty acid range of an healthy nutrition for the general population: within a range of total caloric intake of 2,000-2,500 kcal, an oleic acid intake limited to 11 to 16% of TE (28 g/day to 44 g/day), a linoleic acid intake of 4 to 6% of TE (9 g/day to 13 g/day ), and an alpha-linolenic acid intake in sn2 position of 1% of TE (1.5 g/day to 3 g/day), the resilience for the OL/LA/ALA ratio could be expressed by: 11-16/4-6/1. Mots-clés : nutrition, acides gras insaturés : oléique, linoléique, alphalinolénique, réponse postprandiale, paramètres d'athérothrombose.

Comparative study of the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and nutritional quality of Lophiosilurus alexandri (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a Brazilian carnivorous freshwater fish, grown in lotic, lentic, and aquaculture environments

“…Les AGMI abaissent la triglycéridémie comparativement aux glucides mais moins que les AGPI (Kris-Etherton et al, 1999). Delplanque et collaborateurs ont testé 3 niveaux d'apport en acide oléique, 11 %, 13 %, 16 % avec des apports constants en acide linoléique (4 -5 %) et en acide α-linolénique pendant 4 mois et ont montré que ces niveaux d'apport ne modulaient pas différemment les paramètres lipidiques pro-et anti-athérogènes à jeun ou en postprandial chez les sujets normolipidémiques (Delplanque et al, 2002). Toutefois, au-delà de 20 % de l'AE, l'acide oléique augmente le cholestérol-LDL (Carmena et al, 1996).…”

Nouvelle approche pour les recommandations nutritionnelles en lipides

“…La limite inf erieure d'apport est sous-tendue par le risque li e a la substitution de l'acide ol eique par les AG satur es « ath erog enes en exc es ». Quant a la limite sup erieure d'apport, elle est sugg er ee par des donn ees epid emiologiques et cliniques sur les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires (Delplanque, 2002).…”