Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

Petersmann, Astrid; Müller‐Wieland, Dirk; Müller, Ulrich; Landgraf, R.; Nauck, Matthias; Freckmann, Guido; Heinemann, Lutz; Schleicher, Erwin

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1366278

Cited by 559 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Normally fasting plasma sugar levels range between 3.5-6.7 mmol/l. Fasting plasma glucose levels repeatedly at ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) confirms diabetes [5]. The treatment of DM is based on oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin injections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anti-diabetic Activity in Mice of Piper Capence Used Traditionally in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Kenya

Lk¹,

Njagi²

2017

J Diabetes Metab

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Diabetes mellitus causes significant morbidity, mortality, and diabetes related complications. Conventional drugs are used in management of diabetes mellitus but are costly, are not readily available and also have many side effects. Herbal plants used in diabetes mellitus management are believed to be cheaper and readily available. Piper capense is used traditionally in diabetes mellitus management but its efficacy has to be scientifically evaluated. The study's aim was to investigate antidiabetic potential of aqueous root extracts of Piper capense in diabetic male albino mice. The antidiabetic potential of the extracts was screened in diabetic mice using oral as well as intraperitoneal routes. In the study, albino mice were put into eight groups comprising five mice each. For this purpose aqueous extract was administered at 25, 48.4, 93.5, 180.9, and 350 mg/kg body weight. 1IU/kg body weight dose of insulin and 4.6 mg of glibenclamide was used as a standard hypoglycemic agent for comparing the results. Blood sugar levels were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 24 hours with the use of a glucometer. The data was then analyzed using ANOVA and post-ANOVA. The lyophilate of Piper capense phytochemical composition was determined by standard procedures. Piper capense extracts administered by either route at 25 mg/kg body weight, 48.4 mg/kg body weight, 93.5 mg/kg body weight, 180.9 mg/kg body weight and 350 mg/kg body weight showed antidiabetic activity. The phytochemical result showed that the aqueous extracts contained tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, and saponins. The antidiabetic activity showed could be due to the presence of some phytochemicals present which have antidiabetic activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anti-diabetic Activity in Mice of Piper Capence Used Traditionally in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Kenya

Lk¹,

Njagi²

2017

J Diabetes Metab

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“…The complications are nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disorders and neuropathy [4]. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is by several fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) or postprandial glucose at 2 hours of values ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/L) [7]. Diabetes mellitus is managed by insulin injection, oral hypoglycemic agents, exercise, acupuncture, proper diet [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vivo Oral and Intraperitoneal Administration of Extract from Vernonia lasiopus

Lk¹,

Njagi²,

Orinda³

2018

Med Aromat Plants

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Diabetes mellitus in Kenya is a major health concern as it is known to result in mobility, mortality, and long-term complications. Conventional drugs used in the management of diabetes mellitus are unavailable, expensive, and have numerous side effects. Vernonia lasiopus plant has a folkloric usage in diabetes mellitus management though its efficacy needs to be evaluated scientifically. This study therefore aimed at establishing in vivo antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous leaf extract from Vernonia lasiopus in alloxan-induced diabetic male albino mice. Eight groups of mice each group having five mice were used in the study. The plasma sugar lowering effect was monitored after intraperitoneal and oral administration of Vernonia lasiopus extract at doses of 25, 48.4, 93.5, 180.9 and 350 mg/kg body weight. The treatment effects of extracts were compared with the positive controls (insulin and glibenclamide treated for intraperitoneal and oral routes respectively). Standard procedures were used to determine the phytochemicals present in the extracts. ANOVA and post-ANOVA was used to analyze the data collected. The results of the study showed that the aqueous leaves extract at all the five doses administered demonstrated antihyperglycemic effect in a dose independent manner. The phytochemical results showed the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The antidiabetic effects shown by the plant extract could be due to the phytochemicals present. Vernonia lasiopus aqueous leaves extract has antidiabetic effects and the study therefore recommends its folkloric use in management of diabetes mellitus.

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“…Repeated fasting blood glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) or 2-hour postprandial glucose values ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/L) is considered to be diagnostic criteria for diabetes [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiabetic Activity of Administration of Aqueous Extract of Berberis holstii

Kimani¹,

Njangiru²,

Njagi³

et al. 2017

J Diabetes Metab

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Diabetes mellitus in Kenya is of public health concern since it causes significant mortality and complications that are long term. Though conventional drugs are used in the management of diabetes mellitus they are expensive, unavailable and also have numerous side effects. Berberis are medicinally important and are used for various purposes. Berberis holstii has traditionally been used in the management of diabetes; however, the efficacy of this herb needs to be evaluated scientifically.The study aimed at determining the in vivo antidiabetic effects of root extracts of Berberis holstii in alloxaninduced diabetic male mice. In this study, eight groups of animals with five mice each were used. The reductions in blood glucose relative to their initial values were determined after oral and intraperitoneal administration of 25, 48.4, 93.5, 180.9, and 350 mg/kg body weight. Standard hypoglycemic used to compare results were 200 mg/kg body weight (4.6 mg of glibenclamide) for oral route and 1 IU/kg body weight dose of insulin for an intraperitoneal route. The levels of glucose were measured at the start of the experiment and repeated at intervals of 2 hours up to 10 hours and at 24 hours after administering the drug. Significant (ρ<0.05) reduction in blood sugar relative to their initial values was determined for all treated diabetic groups at the end of the experiment. The composition of phytochemicals was determined using standard procedures. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and post-ANOVA.The results showed that the plant extract at 25, 48.4, 93.5, 180.9, and 350 mg/kg body weight administered effectively reduced blood glucose levels (up to 30% reduction) which could be associated with the phytochemicals present which possesses antidiabetic activities. The extracts contained tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols and alkaloids. The study, therefore, recommends the use of Berberis holstii in the management of diabetes mellitus.

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Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 559 publications

References 1 publication

Anti-diabetic Activity in Mice of Piper Capence Used Traditionally in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Kenya

Anti-diabetic Activity in Mice of Piper Capence Used Traditionally in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Kenya

In-Vivo Oral and Intraperitoneal Administration of Extract from Vernonia lasiopus

Antidiabetic Activity of Administration of Aqueous Extract of Berberis holstii

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