Definition and Epidemiology of Unexplained Infertility

Gelbaya, Tarek A.; Potdar, Neelam; Jeve, Yadava; Nardo, Luciano G.

doi:10.1097/ogx.0000000000000043

Cited by 136 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Infertility is characterized by not having the ability to be fertile after 12 months of unprotected intercourse (Gelbaya, Potdar, Jeve, & Nardo, ) and considered a major worldwide problem, affecting 15% of couples (Benedetti et al, ). Of these couples, infertility is attributed to a disorder with the male in 30–50% of cases (Shahid, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of lycopene supplement on the spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress in infertile men: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Nouri

Amani

Nasr-Esfahani

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Infertility is a major, worldwide problem that is affected, and mediated, by several factors, in particular, oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene supplementation on spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress. In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial study, 44 infertile men with oligozoospermia were randomly divided into two groups: The experimental group was supplemented with 25 mg of lycopene, and the control group received placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric, physical activity and dietary assessment, semen analysis, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in total sperm count and concentration in the lycopene group, and the latter total count remained significant after adjustment (p < .05). Intragroup analysis showed a significant increase in ejaculate volume, total sperm count, concentration total motility, nonprogressive, and nonmotility in lycopene group (p < .05). The TAC changes, in both groups, remained significant after adjustment (p < .05). Also, within‐group analysis showed a significant increase in TAC levels (p < .05). Lycopene supplement can improve sperm parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers in oligozoospermia infertile men; however, further studies with larger sample size and duration are required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of lycopene supplement on the spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress in infertile men: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Nouri

Amani

Nasr-Esfahani

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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“…It affects 10-15% of couples of reproductive age worldwide, and the inability to conceive in approximately half of these couples is due to male infertility (Gelbaya et al, 2014). Male infertility is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex pathogenesis that involves lifestyle, individual genetic background, and environmental risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene and risk of male infertility: a meta-analysis

Yang

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Published studies on the association between the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and male infertility risk are controversial. To obtain a more precise evaluation, we performed a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies. We conducted an electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database for papers on MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and male infertility risk. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were used to assess the strength of association in homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, recessive, and additive models. Statistical heterogeneity, test of publication bias, and sensitivity analysis were carried out using the STATA software (Version 13.0). Overall, 21 studies of C677T (4505 cases and 4024 controls) and 13 studies of A1298C (2785 cases and 3094 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. For C677T, the homozygote comparison results were OR = 1.629, 95%CI (1.215-2.184), and the recessive model results were OR = 1.462 (1.155-1.850). For A1298C, the homozygote comparison results were OR = 1.289 (1.029-1.616), and the recessive model results were OR = 1.288 (1.034-1.604). In conclusion, the current meta-analysis showed that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with a significantly increased male infertility risk in the Asian and overall populations, but not in the Caucasian population, and there was a significant association between the A1298C polymorphism and male infertility risk in the Asian, Caucasian, and overall groups.

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“…Unexplained infertility is found in 15%‐40% of infertile couples. Ovarian stimulation by FSH has also been used as an empiric therapy for patients with unexplained infertility .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For patients who require multiple dose up due to no response in the initial one or two cycles, adjusting the starting dose in the following cycle would be needed with reference to their own FSH threshold revealed in the initial cycle. Our optimized protocol with minimum increment dose and starting dose close to FSH threshold set by BMI would be a safe and effective modality, showing an insight for tactics modulating a low dose protocol.Unexplained infertility is found in 15%-40%24,25 of infertile couples. Ovarian stimulation by FSH has also been used as an empiric therapy for patients with unexplained infertility 2,3.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pilot study of the optimal protocol of low dose step‐up follicle stimulating hormone therapy for infertile women

Matsuzaki

Iwasa

Yanagihara

et al. 2018

Reprod Medicine & Biology

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PurposeTo evaluate the optimized protocol of low dose follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) therapy that has a starting dose of 50 IU/62.5 IU with a small increment dose (12.5 IU) for women with World Health Organization (WHO) II ovulatory disorder and unexplained infertility.MethodsAnovulatory women with WHO group II ovulatory disorder (ovulation induction [OI] patients, n = 29), and with an unexplained infertility (ovarian stimulation [OS] patients, n = 21) were enrolled. The protocol of low dose step‐up FSH therapy was optimized for the starting dose as 50 IU (body mass index [BMI] < 20 group) and 62.5 IU (BMI ≥ 20 group) with the increment dose of 12.5 IU. Study outcomes were ovulation, monofollicular development and other variables.ResultsIn the OIpatients, the ovulation rate was 100% (BMI < 20 group) and 90.9% (BMI ≥ 20 group). Monofollicular development was 80.0% (BMI < 20) and 77.3% (BMI ≥ 20). The pregnancy rate was 60% (3/5 BMI < 20) and 18.2% (4/22 BMI ≥ 20). There was no multiple pregnancy. In the OSpatients, the ovulation rate was 100%. Monofollicular development was 85.7% (BMI < 20) and 76.6% (BMI ≥ 20). No pregnancy was achieved in the OSpatients.ConclusionOptimized protocol of low dose FSH therapy setting a starting dose 50 IU/62.5 IU by BMI with an increment dose of 12.5 IU was safe and highly effective in WHO group II anovulatory patients. However, this protocol seemed uneffective for patients with unexplained infertility.

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Definition and Epidemiology of Unexplained Infertility

Cited by 136 publications

References 78 publications

The effects of lycopene supplement on the spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress in infertile men: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

The effects of lycopene supplement on the spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress in infertile men: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Association between C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene and risk of male infertility: a meta-analysis

Pilot study of the optimal protocol of low dose step‐up follicle stimulating hormone therapy for infertile women

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