Defining the Fat Compartments in the Neck: A Cadaver Study

Larson, Jeffrey D.; Tierney, William S.; Öztürk, Cemile Nurdan

doi:10.1177/1090820x14526406

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A well‐known exception is the platysma, a superficial muscle of the anterior neck that is important for human facial mimic. In a recent study conducted with human cadavers, supraplatysmal and subplatysmal fat represented 44.7% and 30.7% of neck fat, respectively . On the other hand, as Driskell and colleagues rightly mention, two morphologically distinct layers of WAT, traditionally viewed as subdivisions of SWAT, exist below the reticular dermis in humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coming home at last: dermal white adipose tissue

Schneider

2014

Experimental Dermatology

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The upper part of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) is closely associated with the reticular dermis, surrounds hair follicles and is of great importance for a range of skin functions. In this issue of Experimental Dermatology, Driskell and colleagues propose a nomenclature in which the upper SWAT layer is renamed dermal WAT (DWAT), and its cells intradermal adipocytes. Some pros and cons are discussed below.

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confidence: 99%

Coming home at last: dermal white adipose tissue

Schneider

2014

Experimental Dermatology

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“…However, the distribution of SMF was closer to 50% preplatysmal: 50% postplatysmal in 15% of their samples (n = 3/20) [17], suggesting variability among individuals. Larson et al also found variability in the distribution of SMF between the preplatysmal and postplatysmal fat compartments in their study [16]. It is worth noting that both the Renaut and Larson studies evaluated a small number of cadavers (20 and 10, respectively) [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Larson et al also found variability in the distribution of SMF between the preplatysmal and postplatysmal fat compartments in their study [16]. It is worth noting that both the Renaut and Larson studies evaluated a small number of cadavers (20 and 10, respectively) [16,17]. Therefore, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the distribution of SMF between the preplatysmal and postplatysmal fat compartments in the general population from these limited data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Within the submental area, fat is separated into two distinct compartments by the platysma, which is composed of two broad muscles located on either side of the neck [15]. Preplatysmal (supraplatysmal) fat is located between the dermis and platysma, while postplatysmal (subplatysmal) fat is located between the platysma and submental musculature [16]. The overall distribution of SMF between the preplatysmal and postplatysmal fat compartments has been investigated via cadaver dissection studies [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preplatysmal (supraplatysmal) fat is located between the dermis and platysma, while postplatysmal (subplatysmal) fat is located between the platysma and submental musculature [16]. The overall distribution of SMF between the preplatysmal and postplatysmal fat compartments has been investigated via cadaver dissection studies [16,17]. Renaut and colleagues found that, on average, approximately 70% of SMF was contained within the preplatysmal fat compartment (mean, 8.4 g [vs. 3.7 g within the postplatysmal fat compartment]) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid injection) for reduction of submental fat

Ascher¹,

Fellmann

Monheit

2016

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology

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The efficacy and safety of ATX-101 have been extensively evaluated in a global clinical development program including multiple Phase I/II studies and four large Phase III trials. Available data from ATX-101 trials are reviewed. Expert commentary: Injectables have been well established for facial rejuvenation. Extending injectable treatment into the chin and neck is a major advance for nonsurgical cosmetic correction. Overall, the evidence supports ATX-101 as a safe and effective, minimally invasive treatment alternative for reduction of submental fat that will provide a major tool for the esthetic physician.

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Neck Aging and Rejuvenation: A Balanced Approach to Assessment and Treatment

Roberts,

Cheng

2024

Dermatological Reviews

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IntroductionThe neck is typically the earliest and most visible site of aging‐related esthetic changes; it is an area about which patients frequently express esthetic concerns and seek approaches to rejuvenation. This narrative review examines the current understanding of age‐related structural and cellular changes in the neck and skin, treatment approaches to neck rejuvenation, specifically noninvasive and minimally invasive approaches including skincare, and key patient factors to consider.MethodsA literature search of relevant publications was performed. Experience‐based recommendations for clinical assessment and treatment approach are provided to complement the current literature.ResultsNeck aging results from a combination of intrinsic factors, such as genetic background, and extrinsic factors, primarily ultraviolet light exposure. Positive treatment outcomes begin with thorough patient assessment, including neck aging status, patient‐specific intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and evaluation of skin type, which may help predict positive (e.g., skin tightening) and negative (e.g., dyspigmentation) dermal responses to specific procedures. In addition to skincare, a range of noninvasive, directed‐energy techniques (e.g., chromophore‐based lasers, ablative lasers, intense pulsed light, microfocused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, laser‐assisted lipolysis, and radiofrequency irradiation) and minimally invasive techniques (e.g., neurotoxins, microneedling, and fillers) are currently used for neck rejuvenation. A comprehensive approach to assessment and treatment contributes toward improved patient outcomes.ConclusionsThe neck aging process develops over time, and a prejuvenation strategy, including effective skincare, should be considered. The development of comprehensive noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques geared toward the neck and face as a single entity should provide better outcomes and fulfillment of patient esthetic goals for this critical area.

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Defining the Fat Compartments in the Neck: A Cadaver Study

Abstract: This anatomic study provides a comprehensive review of fat in the neck, and the results should serve as an additional guide as surgeons approach this challenging area in surgical rejuvenation.

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Coming home at last: dermal white adipose tissue

Coming home at last: dermal white adipose tissue

ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid injection) for reduction of submental fat

Neck Aging and Rejuvenation: A Balanced Approach to Assessment and Treatment

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