Defining the effective impact mass of elbow and shoulder strikes in ice hockey

Rousseau, Philippe; Hoshizaki, T. Blaine

doi:10.1080/14763141.2015.1025236

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…65 which may not represent the exact response of the head in real world shoulder-to-head collisions. As a result, comparisons made with this shoulder pad striker are meant to be representative of how the head may respond due to shoulder collisions in ice hockey.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events

et al. 2016

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Publication AbstractIn ice hockey, concussions can occur as a result of many different types of impact events, however hockey helmets are certified using a single injury scenario, involving drop tests to a rigid surface. The purpose of this study is to measure the protective capacity of ice hockey helmets for different impact events in ice hockey. A helmeted and unhelmeted Hybrid III headform were impacted simulating falls, elbow, shoulder and puck impacts in ice hockey.Linear and rotational acceleration and maximum principal strain (MPS) were measured. A comparison of helmeted and unhelmeted impacts found significant differences existed in most conditions (p<0.05), however some shoulder and puck impacts showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Impacts to the ice hockey helmet tested resulted in acceleration levels below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for falls up to 5 m/s, elbow collisions, and low velocity puck impacts but not for shoulder collisions or high velocity puck impacts and falls. The helmet tested reduced MPS below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for falls up to 5 m/s but not for the other impact events across all velocities and locations. This suggests that the ice hockey helmet tested is unable to reduce engineering parameters below reported ranges of concussion and TBI for impact conditions which do not represent a drop against a rigid surface.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events

et al. 2016

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“…These parameters create unique head kinematic motions that subsequently influence the magnitude of neural tissue loading and physical responses 46,47,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] . Inbound velocity, and head location and orientation were obtained during video analysis; effective mass and compliance were approximated using known measurements and available literature [86][87][88] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel repetitive head impact exposure measurement tool differentiates player position in National Football League

Karton

Hoshizaki

Gilchrist

2020

Sci Rep

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American-style football participation poses a high risk of repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure leading to acute and chronic brain injury. The complex nature of symptom expression, human predisposition, and neurological consequences of RHI limits our understanding of what constitutes as an injurious impact affecting the integrity of brain tissue. Video footage of professional football games was reviewed and documentation made of all head contact. Frequency of impact, tissue strain magnitude, and time interval between impacts was used to quantify RHI exposure, specific to player field position. Differences in exposure characteristics were found between eight different positions; where three unique profiles can be observed. Exposure profiles provide interpretation of the relationship between the traumatic event(s) and how tissue injury is manifested and expressed. This study illustrates and captures an objective measurement of RHI on the field, a critical component in guiding public policy and guidelines for managing exposure.Various levels of impact severity associated with head injury have been studied for over a century where knowledge and reporting reflected current periods' public concern and environmental context 1 . The scientific community, medical sectors and regulatory authorities have been working for decades to unravel the complexity of head injury in sport, most predominantly the definition, identification, and treatment of concussions. There were obvious challenges associated with the ambiguous nature and presentation of what is regarded as a tissue 'injury' 2,3 . Inconsistencies in symptom expression and prediction, and human variability in predisposition limit the precision in defining the relationship between the traumatic event(s) and injury. Despite numerous reports describing the implications of the acute and chronic effects of single and repeated sub-concussive and concussive blows to the head 1 , only recently have exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) in contact sports become a real concern, and this concern has become relevant to researchers, neurologists, clinicians and athletic professionals alike. The high profile sport, American-style football (ASF), has received increasing attention amongst researchers who believe that this population will help establish a better understanding of the consequences and management of RHI.Measuring head injury in ASF solely on the basis of immediate signs and symptoms has proven to be insufficient in capturing the spectrum of tissue injury 4,5 . Moreover, as individuals recover from the clinical expression of symptoms, the assumption that neurobiological recovery has also occurred is also likely to be inaccurate 6,7 . A more sophisticated understanding that now prevails considers the time course of neurobiological recovery and the mental health consequences of being exposed to RHI. Oliver and colleagues 8 report that blood concentrations of axonal injury biomarkers in college football starters remain elevated even 9 weeks post season. The scientific de...

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“…Once the impacts were identified and confirmed as concussion events, the video for the impact was analyzed using Kinovea 0.8.2 software to determine the characteristics of the impact including velocities, locations, impact vector (angle of contact), mass, and compliance. The specifics of these analyses have been reported in Rousseau [21], Post et al [22], and Rousseau and Hoshizaki [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This design of cap has been demonstrated to have similar responses to those of American football helmets [7]. For the shoulder to head impacts, a compliant VN impactor cap was used that was designed to have a similar compliance to that of a human under an impact condition [23]. For ice hockey, the VN cap was used with an ice hockey shoulder pad, and for American football, the VN cap was covered with an American football shoulder pad.…”

Section: Linear Impactormentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of acceleration signal processing for head impact numeric simulations

et al. 2016

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Brain injury research in sport employs a variety of physical models equipped with accelerometers. These acceleration signals are commonly processed using filters. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of applying filters with different cutoff frequencies to the acceleration signals used as input for finite element modelling of the brain. Signals were generated from reconstructions of concussion events from American football and ice hockey in the laboratory using a Hybrid III headform. The resulting acceleration signals were used as input for the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model after being processed with filters. The results indicated that using a filter with a cutoff of 300 Hz or higher had little effect on the resulting strain measures. In some cases there was some effect of the filters on the peak linear (8-30g) and rotational measures (1000-4000 rad/s2), but little effect on the finite element strain result (approximately 2-6 %). The short duration and high magnitude accelerations, such as the puck impact, were most affected by the cutoff frequency of different filters.

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Defining the effective impact mass of elbow and shoulder strikes in ice hockey

Cited by 51 publications

References 42 publications

Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events

Protective Capacity of Ice Hockey Helmets against Different Impact Events

A novel repetitive head impact exposure measurement tool differentiates player position in National Football League

The effect of acceleration signal processing for head impact numeric simulations

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