Defining the boundary: Age-related changes in childhood amnesia.

Tustin, Karen; Hayne, Harlene

doi:10.1037/a0020105

Cited by 142 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…A similar pattern of results-that older children remember for longer than younger children-has been observed across several tasks, including deferred imitation (Barr et al 1996;Herbert and Hayne 2000;Carver and Bauer 2001;Bauer 2007), visual paired comparison (Fantz 1956;Herbert and Hayne 2000;Hayne 2006a,b, 2011), and autobiographical memory (Ornstein et al 1997;van Abbema and Bauer 2005;Tustin and Hayne 2010) tests. Together, these findings converge to show that, although young children can acquire memories, they forget faster than older children.…”

Section: Older Children Remember Longersupporting

confidence: 49%

Infantile amnesia: A neurogenic hypothesis

2012

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In the late 19th Century, Sigmund Freud described the phenomenon in which people are unable to recall events from early childhood as infantile amnesia. Although universally observed, infantile amnesia is a paradox; adults have surprisingly few memories of early childhood despite the seemingly exuberant learning capacity of young children. How can these findings be reconciled? The mechanisms underlying this form of amnesia are the subject of much debate. Psychological/cognitive theories assert that the ability to maintain detailed, declarative-like memories in the long term correlates with the development of language, theory of mind, and/or sense of "self." However, the finding that experimental animals also show infantile amnesia suggests that this phenomenon cannot be explained fully in purely human terms. Biological explanations of infantile amnesia suggest that protracted postnatal development of key brain regions important for memory interferes with stable long-term memory storage, yet they do not clearly specify which particular aspects of brain maturation are causally related to infantile amnesia. Here, we propose a hypothesis of infantile amnesia that focuses on one specific aspect of postnatal brain development-the continued addition of new neurons to the hippocampus. Infants (humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents) exhibit high levels of hippocampal neurogenesis and an inability to form lasting memories. Interestingly, the decline of postnatal neurogenesis levels corresponds to the emergence of the ability to form stable long-term memory. We propose that high neurogenesis levels negatively regulate the ability to form enduring memories, most likely by replacing synaptic connections in preexisting hippocampal memory circuits.

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Section: Older Children Remember Longersupporting

confidence: 49%

Infantile amnesia: A neurogenic hypothesis

2012

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“…Two studies have revealed age-cohort effects within childhood, such that the age of earliest memory is earlier for younger children relative to older children. For example, in Tustin and Hayne (2010) the average age of earliest memory among 5-year-old children was 1.7 years, whereas the average age of earliest memory among 12-to 13-year-old children was 2.5 years. Similarly, in Peterson et al (2005), the average age of earliest memory among 6-to 9-year-old children was 3 years, whereas the average age of earliest memory among 10-year-olds was 3.5 years.…”

Section: The Vulnerability Of Memory Traces Declines Over Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Early reports involving child subjects were retrospective-they asked what was retained from childhood, but not what was lost. As a result, though the possibility that memory trace vulnerability was part of the explanation of childhood amnesia had been implicated theoretically (Bauer, 2007(Bauer, , 2008Olson & Newcombe, 2014;Peterson, Warren, & Short, 2011;Tustin & Hayne, 2010), there has been little opportunity to evaluate its role empirically.…”

Section: The Vulnerability Of Memory Traces Declines Over Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

134

130

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This article extends psychological methods and concepts into a domain that is as profoundly consequential as it is poorly understood: intelligence analysis. We report findings from a geopolitical forecasting tournament that assessed the accuracy of more than 150,000 forecasts of 743 participants on 199 events occurring over 2 years. Participants were above average in intelligence and political knowledge relative to the general population. Individual differences in performance emerged, and forecasting skills were surprisingly consistent over time. Key predictors were (a) dispositional variables of cognitive ability, political knowledge, and openmindedness; (b) situational variables of training in probabilistic reasoning and participation in collaborative teams that shared information and discussed rationales (Mellers, Ungar, et al., 2014); and (c) behavioral variables of deliberation time and frequency of belief updating. We developed a profile of the best forecasters; they were better at inductive reasoning, pattern detection, cognitive flexibility, and open-mindedness. They had greater understanding of geopolitics, training in probabilistic reasoning, and opportunities to succeed in cognitively enriched team environments. Last but not least, they viewed forecasting as a skill that required deliberate practice, sustained effort, and constant monitoring of current affairs. A t APA, we understand how challenging it can be for you to stay abreast of the latest and best academic research on psychology. Disciplines Finance and Financial Management | Social and Behavioral Sciences

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“…Overall, a large body of research suggests that the grand average of the age reported in first memories is 3.5 years across multiple studies (Tustin & Hayne, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%